Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Aug 12;22(1):550. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04186-6.
Fear of missing out (FoMO) can increase loneliness and smartphone addiction and decrease academic performance in university students. Most studies investigated the relationship between FoMO and smartphone addiction in developed countries, and no studies were found to examine this association in Iran. The mediating role of loneliness and academic performance in the relationship between FoMO and smartphone addiction is unclear. This study investigated the relationship between FoMO and smartphone addiction and the mediating role of loneliness and academic performance in this relationship in Iranian university students.
In this cross-sectional study, 447 students from Urmia University of Medical Sciences were investigated. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, Przybylski's FoMO scale, Pham and Taylor's academic performance questionnaire, Russell's loneliness scale, and Kwon's smartphone addiction scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 23 and SmartPLS ver. 2.
FoMO had a positive and direct association with smartphone addiction (β = 0.315, t-value = 5.152, p < 0.01). FoMO also had a positive and direct association with students' loneliness (β = 0.432, t-value = 9.059, p < 0.01) and a negative and direct association with students' academic performance (β = -0.2602, t-value = 4.201, p < 0.01). FoMO indirectly associated with smartphone addiction through students' loneliness (β = 0.311, t-value = 5.075, p < 0.01), but academic performance was not mediator of smartphone addiction (β = 0.110, t-value = 1.807, p > 0.05). FoMO also indirectly correlated with academic performance through students' loneliness (β =-0.368, t-value = 6.377, p < 0.01).
FoMO can be positively associated with students' smartphone addiction, and loneliness is an important mediator of this association. Since smartphone addiction could harm students' academic performance, thus, healthcare administrators should reduce students' loneliness and improve their academic performance by adopting practical strategies to help students to manage their time and control their smartphone use. Holding self-management skills classes, keeping students on schedule, turning off smartphone notifications, encouraging students to engage in sports, and participating in group and family activities will help manage FoMO and loneliness.
对错失的恐惧（FoMO）会增加孤独感和智能手机成瘾，降低大学生的学业成绩。大多数研究都在发达国家调查了 FoMO 与智能手机成瘾之间的关系，而在伊朗尚未发现研究该关联的研究。FoMO 和智能手机成瘾之间的关系中，孤独感和学业成绩的中介作用尚不清楚。本研究调查了伊朗大学生中 FoMO 与智能手机成瘾之间的关系，以及孤独感和学业成绩在这种关系中的中介作用。
在这项横断面研究中，对来自乌尔米亚医科大学的 447 名学生进行了调查。使用人口统计学问卷、 Przybylski 的 FoMO 量表、Pham 和 Taylor 的学术表现问卷、Russell 的孤独感量表和 Kwon 的智能手机成瘾量表收集数据。使用 SPSS 版本 23 和 SmartPLS 版本 2 分析数据。
FoMO 与智能手机成瘾呈正相关（β=0.315，t 值=5.152，p<0.01）。FoMO 还与学生的孤独感呈正相关（β=0.432，t 值=9.059，p<0.01），与学生的学业成绩呈负相关（β=-0.2602，t 值=4.201，p<0.01）。FoMO 通过学生的孤独感间接与智能手机成瘾相关（β=0.311，t 值=5.075，p<0.01），但学业成绩不是智能手机成瘾的中介（β=0.110，t 值=1.807，p>0.05）。FoMO 通过学生的孤独感也与学业成绩呈间接相关（β=-0.368，t 值=6.377，p<0.01）。
FoMO 与学生的智能手机成瘾呈正相关，孤独感是这种关联的重要中介。由于智能手机成瘾会损害学生的学业成绩，因此医疗保健管理人员应通过采取切实可行的策略来减少学生的孤独感并提高他们的学业成绩，帮助学生管理时间并控制他们使用智能手机。举办自我管理技能课程、让学生按计划行事、关闭智能手机通知、鼓励学生参加运动、参与小组和家庭活动将有助于管理 FoMO 和孤独感。
