Graduate School of System Design and Management, Keio University, Kyoseikan, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8521, Japan.
Department of Marketing and International Trade, Faculty of Commerce, Chuo University, 742-1 Higashinakano Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0393, Japan.
BMC Psychol. 2022 Aug 13;10(1):200. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00889-3.
Materialism indicates the extent to which an individual's life is focused on consumerism, or the acquisition of money and possessions. The Material Values Scale (MVS), comprising the factors "success," "centrality," and "happiness," is a well-known rating scale for materialism. However, a Japanese version of the materialism scale has not yet been established, and the details of the factors and effects related to materialism have not yet been clarified in Japan. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the Japanese version of the MVS (J-MVS).
We developed the translated J-MVS using a back-translation process. To validate and evaluate the scale based on an online survey, we recruited 500 people, with 100 participants (50 men, 50 women) in five age groups, from 20 to 69 years. We compared and evaluated several factor structure models based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To evaluate the external criterion-referenced validity of the developed J-MVS scale, we examined the relationship between age, personality, and well-being, which have shown stable relationships with materialism in previous studies.
We developed two six-item dual-factor models. Both models showed significant positive correlations with social comparison orientation and neuroticism, and had significant negative correlations with various subjective well-being indices, suggesting sufficient external criterion-referenced validity. The J-MVS comprising six positive-worded items (J-MVS-P6; without any reverse-worded items) showed a higher correlation with other indicators than the version comprising six items representing all item types and was considered to have higher external criterion-referenced validity.
We propose the J-MVS-P6 for use as a materialism scale in Japan. Compared with the findings from other countries, materialism in Japan may be more closely related to subjective well-being. This scale may be used to examine the effectiveness of various intervention methods for improving individuals' happiness, based on changes in factors closely related to materialism in Japan.
物质主义表示个人生活以消费主义为中心的程度，或者获取金钱和财产的程度。物质价值观量表（MVS）由“成功”、“中心性”和“幸福”三个因素组成，是一种著名的物质主义量表。然而，日本版的物质主义量表尚未建立，并且日本尚未阐明与物质主义相关的因素和影响的细节。本研究的目的是开发和评估 MVS 的日文版（J-MVS）。
我们使用回译过程开发了翻译后的 J-MVS。为了通过在线调查验证和评估该量表，我们招募了 500 人，其中 100 人（50 名男性，50 名女性）来自 20 至 69 岁的五个年龄组。我们根据探索性和验证性因素分析比较和评估了几种因素结构模型。为了评估所开发的 J-MVS 量表的外部效标参照效度，我们研究了年龄、人格和幸福感之间的关系，这些关系在以前的研究中与物质主义有稳定的关系。
我们开发了两个六因素双因素模型。两个模型均与社会比较取向和神经质呈显著正相关，与各种主观幸福感指标呈显著负相关，表明具有足够的外部效标参照效度。由六个正向词组成的 J-MVS（J-MVS-P6；不含任何反向词）与其他指标的相关性高于包含所有项目类型的六个项目的版本，被认为具有更高的外部效标参照效度。
我们建议在日本使用 J-MVS-P6 作为物质主义量表。与其他国家的研究结果相比，日本的物质主义可能与主观幸福感更密切相关。该量表可用于根据与日本物质主义密切相关的因素的变化，检验各种改善个体幸福感的干预方法的有效性。
