Pinto Saravia Vladimir
El Colegio de México, CEDUA, Mexico City, México.
J Popul Ageing. 2022;15(3):811-841. doi: 10.1007/s12062-022-09383-5. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
The effects of COVID-19 revealed the fragility of health systems in the LAC region, with greater risk of death in older people than in younger people, as well as greater vulnerability to infection due to living with people aged 30-59 years, who have a higher prevalence of COVID-19. On the other hand, there is not much information on inequalities in the incidence of COVID-19 in indigenous people, a population with lower immunological resistance. The objectives are: 1) To determine the association between sociodemographic variables with self-reported COVID-19 symptoms. 2) To investigate whether this relationship shows inequalities by ethnicity and age. For that purpose I conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the 2020 Household Survey and investigated the association between sociodemographic variables and self -reported COVID-19 symptoms and explore the contribution of factors such as employment type, household living arrangements, years of education, age, ethnicity, gender, current status of working and residence area. I performed bivariate analysis to establish trends. Subsequently using logistic regressions to establish the risks to self-reported COVID-19 symptoms. A fully interacted model is analysed by ethnicity. I found those who were living alone were less likely than those living in a Couple with/without relatives' household arrangement to self-reported COVID-19 symptoms (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66-0.94, p < .01). Odds of the older persons aged 45-59 (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.27-1.62, p < .05) were relatively more likely than younger people (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.35, p < .01). Indigenous living in a couple with/without children household arrangement were less likely than non-Indigenous (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62-0.90, p < .01). Odds of Indigenous people of age 30-44 (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.53, p < .01) were more likely than non-Indigenous. Odds of Indigenous persons of age 45-59 (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.32-1.91, p < .05) were more likely than non-Indigenous (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12-1.55, p < .01). As conclusions, 45-59 age group shows higher risk factors and those aged 60 + show lower risks. These are increased in people working in managerial, administrative and professional, and technical positions, those living in a household with/without relatives, men, those living in urban areas, and/or non-indigenous people.
新冠疫情的影响揭示了拉丁美洲和加勒比地区卫生系统的脆弱性，老年人的死亡风险高于年轻人，而且由于与30至59岁人群共同生活，感染新冠病毒的脆弱性更高，因为这一年龄段人群的新冠病毒感染率更高。另一方面，关于免疫抵抗力较低的原住民群体中新冠疫情发病率不平等的信息不多。研究目的如下：1）确定社会人口统计学变量与自我报告的新冠症状之间的关联。2）调查这种关系是否因种族和年龄而存在不平等。为此，我使用2020年家庭调查进行了横断面分析，研究了社会人口统计学变量与自我报告的新冠症状之间的关联，并探讨了就业类型、家庭居住安排、受教育年限、年龄、种族、性别、当前工作状态和居住地区等因素的影响。我进行了双变量分析以确定趋势。随后使用逻辑回归来确定自我报告新冠症状的风险。通过种族分析了一个完全交互的模型。我发现，与居住在有/无亲属的夫妻家庭中的人相比，独居者自我报告新冠症状的可能性较小（比值比=0.79，95%置信区间：0.66-0.94，p<0.01）。45至59岁的老年人（比值比=1.44，95%置信区间：1.27-1.62，p<0.05）自我报告新冠症状的可能性相对高于年轻人（比值比=1.19，95%置信区间：1.05-1.35，p<0.01）。与非原住民相比，居住在有/无子女的夫妻家庭中的原住民自我报告新冠症状的可能性较小（比值比=0.75，95%置信区间：0.62-0.90，p<0.01）。30至44岁的原住民（比值比=1.26，95%置信区间：1.04-1.53，p<0.01）自我报告新冠症状的可能性高于非原住民。45至59岁的原住民（比值比=1.59，95%置信区间：1.32-1.91，p<0.05）自我报告新冠症状的可能性高于非原住民（比值比=1.32，95%置信区间：1.12-1.55，p<0.01）。结论是，45至59岁年龄组显示出较高的风险因素，而60岁及以上人群的风险较低。在管理、行政、专业和技术岗位工作的人、与有/无亲属共同居住的人、男性、居住在城市地区的人以及/或者非原住民的风险增加。
