Chahboun Sobh, Stenseng Frode, Page Alexander G
Department of Pedagogy, Queen Maud University College, Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jul 28;13:787893. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.787893. eCollection 2022.
The common understanding of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has gone through a number of permutations since the first description in 1943. Throughout these shifting understandings, there have been a number of behaviors and diagnostic criteria associated with the condition, many of which are missing in the most recent classifications. The rates of diagnoses of autism have increased greatly. However, there is no reason to think there has been any change in occurrence over the last 70 years, suggesting rather an increase in our knowledge and awareness. Autism has been the subject of several misapprehensions and misrepresentations throughout history. This might be due to heterogeneity of the cases. In addition, the diagnosing of autism spectrum disorders is mainly based on observation and behavioral interpretation, and thus dependent on subjective perceptions of the clinicians themselves. This current scoping review article intends to provide a view on the evolution of the concept of autism and the current stance within Norwegian scholarship, and how it is shaped by international discourses and cultural diversities Such changing concepts especially impacts people with the diagnosis, as it can affect their access to social services, as well as their self-identification as people with ASD.
自1943年首次描述以来，对自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的普遍认识经历了多次变化。在这些不断变化的认识过程中，与该病症相关的有许多行为和诊断标准，其中许多在最新分类中已不复存在。自闭症的诊断率大幅上升。然而，没有理由认为在过去70年里发病率有任何变化，这表明更多的是我们知识和认知的增加。自闭症在历史上一直是一些误解和错误表述的主题。这可能是由于病例的异质性。此外，自闭症谱系障碍的诊断主要基于观察和行为解读，因此依赖于临床医生自身的主观认知。这篇当前的范围综述文章旨在呈现自闭症概念的演变以及挪威学术界的当前立场，以及它是如何受到国际话语和文化多样性影响的。这种不断变化的概念尤其会影响被诊断出患有自闭症的人，因为它会影响他们获得社会服务的机会，以及他们作为自闭症谱系障碍患者的自我认同。
