Takagi Shunsuke, Hori Hikaru, Yamaguchi Tatsuya, Ochi Shinichiro, Nishida Masaki, Maruo Takashi, Takahashi Hidehiko
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2022 Aug 9;18:1679-1695. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S369845. eCollection 2022.
The development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has various influences on physical abilities. Identification of specific physical abilities of people with ADHD/ASDs as biomarkers for diagnosing these conditions is necessary. Therefore, in the present review, we aimed firstly to extract the difference in physical abilities of people with ADHD or ASDs compared to those of normal individuals. Secondly, we aimed to extract the specific physical ability characteristics for identifying potential diagnostic biomarkers in people with ADHD/ASDs.
A systematic literature review was performed. The databases were searched for relevant articles on motor function deficits and characteristics of ADHD or ASD.
Forty-one cross-sectional studies and three randomized controlled trials were identified, comprising 33 studies of ADHD, 10 studies of ASDs, and 1 study of both ADHD and ASDs. The quality of studies varied. Three types of physical activities/exercises were identified, including coordinated movement, resistance-type sports, and aerobic-type sports. People with ADHD/ASDs generally exhibited poorer physical abilities for all types of activities, possibly because of low levels of physical activity. Specifically, we found temporal discoordination of movement in ADHD and integration or synchronization of separate movements in ASDs.
Specific deficits in physical ability may be attributed to ADHD/ASDs. However, there is not enough research on the physical abilities of people with ADHD and ASDs to clarify the specific deficits. Investigation of specific motor functions that characterize ADHD/ASDs should be facilitated.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的发展对身体能力有多种影响。识别ADHD/ASD患者的特定身体能力作为诊断这些疾病的生物标志物是必要的。因此，在本综述中，我们首先旨在提取ADHD或ASD患者与正常个体相比在身体能力方面的差异。其次，我们旨在提取特定的身体能力特征，以识别ADHD/ASD患者潜在的诊断生物标志物。
进行了系统的文献综述。在数据库中搜索有关ADHD或ASD的运动功能缺陷和特征的相关文章。
共确定了41项横断面研究和3项随机对照试验，其中包括33项关于ADHD的研究、10项关于ASD的研究以及1项关于ADHD和ASD的研究。研究质量各不相同。确定了三种类型的体育活动/锻炼，包括协调性运动、阻力型运动和有氧型运动。ADHD/ASD患者在所有类型的活动中通常表现出较差的身体能力，这可能是由于身体活动水平较低。具体而言，我们发现ADHD患者存在运动时间不协调，而ASD患者存在单独运动的整合或同步问题。
身体能力的特定缺陷可能归因于ADHD/ASD。然而，关于ADHD和ASD患者身体能力的研究还不足以阐明具体缺陷。应促进对表征ADHD/ASD的特定运动功能的研究。
