美国印第安人群体的血液镉、铅、锰、汞和硒水平：“强壮心脏研究”。
Blood cadmium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium levels in American Indian populations: The Strong Heart Study.
机构信息
Office of Community Health and Hazard Assessment, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Office of Community Health and Hazard Assessment, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
出版信息
Environ Res. 2022 Dec;215(Pt 3):114101. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114101. Epub 2022 Aug 14.
BACKGROUND
Many American Indian (AI) communities are in areas affected by environmental contamination, such as toxic metals. However, studies assessing exposures in AI communities are limited. We measured blood metals in AI communities to assess historical exposure and identify participant characteristics associated with these levels in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) cohort.
METHOD
Archived blood specimens collected from participants (n = 2014, all participants were 50 years of age and older) in Arizona, Oklahoma, and North and South Dakota during SHS Phase-III (1998-1999) were analyzed for cadmium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium using inductively coupled plasma triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. We conducted descriptive analyses for the entire cohort and stratified by selected subgroups, including selected demographics, health behaviors, income, waist circumference, and body mass index. Bivariate associations were conducted to examine associations between blood metal levels and selected socio-demographic and behavioral covariates. Finally, multivariate regression models were used to assess the best model fit that predicted blood metal levels.
FINDINGS
All elements were detected in 100% of study participants, with the exception of mercury (detected in 73% of participants). The SHS population had higher levels of blood cadmium and manganese than the general U.S. population 50 years and older. The median blood mercury in the SHS cohort was at about 30% of the U.S. reference population, potentially due to low fish consumption. Participants in North Dakota and South Dakota had the highest blood cadmium, lead, manganese, and selenium, and the lowest total mercury levels, even after adjusting for covariates. In addition, each of the blood metals was associated with selected demographic, behavioral, income, and/or weight-related factors in multivariate models. These findings will help guide the tribes to develop education, outreach, and strategies to reduce harmful exposures and increase beneficial nutrient intake in these AI communities.
背景
许多美洲印第安人（AI）社区位于受环境污染影响的地区，例如有毒金属。然而，评估 AI 社区暴露情况的研究有限。我们测量了 AI 社区的血液金属含量，以评估历史暴露情况，并确定与 Strong Heart 研究（SHS）队列中这些水平相关的参与者特征。
方法
从 SHS 第三阶段（1998-1999 年）在亚利桑那州、俄克拉荷马州以及北达科他州和南达科他州参加的参与者（n=2014，所有参与者均为 50 岁及以上）的存档血液样本中，使用电感耦合等离子体质谱三重四极杆质谱法分析镉、铅、锰、汞和硒。我们对整个队列进行了描述性分析，并按选定的亚组进行了分层，包括选定的人口统计学、健康行为、收入、腰围和体重指数。进行了双变量关联分析，以检查血液金属水平与选定的社会人口统计学和行为协变量之间的关联。最后，使用多元回归模型评估了预测血液金属水平的最佳模型拟合度。
发现
除了汞（在 73%的参与者中检测到）之外，所有元素均在 100%的研究参与者中被检测到。SHS 人群的血液镉和锰水平高于 50 岁及以上的美国一般人群。SHS 队列中的血液汞中位数约为美国参考人群的 30%，这可能是由于低鱼摄入量所致。北达科他州和南达科他州的参与者的血液镉、铅、锰和硒含量最高，总汞含量最低，即使在调整了协变量后也是如此。此外，在多元模型中，每种血液金属都与选定的人口统计学、行为、收入和/或体重相关因素相关。这些发现将有助于指导部落制定教育、外展和策略，以减少这些 AI 社区的有害暴露并增加有益营养物质的摄入。
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