Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK.
Primary Care and Interventions Unit, Public Health England, Gloucester, UK.
BMJ Open. 2022 Aug 17;12(8):e061027. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061027.
To explore public reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across diverse ethnic groups.
Remote qualitative interviews and focus groups in English or Punjabi. Data were transcribed and analysed through inductive thematic analysis.
England and Wales, June to October 2020.
100 participants from 19 diverse 'self-identified' ethnic groups.
Dismay, frustration and altruism were reported across all ethnic groups during the first 6-9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dismay was caused by participants' reported individual, family and community risks, and loss of support networks. Frustration was caused by reported lack of recognition of the efforts of ethnic minority groups (EMGs), inaction by government to address COVID-19 and inequalities, rule breaking by government advisors, changing government rules around: border controls, personal protective equipment, social distancing, eating out, and perceived poor communication around COVID-19 and the Public Health England COVID-19 disparities report (leading to reported increased racism and social isolation). Altruism was felt by all, in the resilience of National Health Service (NHS) staff and their communities and families pulling together. Data, participants' suggested actions and the behaviour change wheel informed suggested interventions and policies to help control COVID-19.
To improve trust and compliance future reports or guidance should clearly explain any stated differences in health outcomes by ethnicity or other risk group, including specific messages for these groups and concrete actions to minimise any risks. Messaging should reflect the uncertainty in data or advice and how guidance may change going forward as new evidence becomes available. A contingency plan is needed to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 across all communities including EMGs, the vulnerable and socially disadvantaged individuals, in preparation for any rise in cases and for future pandemics. Equality across ethnicities for healthcare is essential, and the NHS and local communities will need to be supported to attain this.
探讨不同族裔群体对 COVID-19 大流行的公众反应。
英语或旁遮普语的远程定性访谈和焦点小组。通过归纳主题分析对数据进行转录和分析。
2020 年 6 月至 10 月，英格兰和威尔士。
来自 19 个不同“自我认同”族裔群体的 100 名参与者。
在 COVID-19 大流行的前 6-9 个月，所有族裔群体都报告了沮丧、沮丧和利他主义。沮丧是由参与者报告的个人、家庭和社区风险以及丧失支持网络引起的。沮丧是由报告的缺乏对少数族裔群体（EMG）的努力的认可、政府在解决 COVID-19 方面的不作为和不平等、政府顾问的违规行为、政府围绕边境管制、个人防护设备、社会距离、外出就餐以及对 COVID-19 的沟通不畅和英格兰公共卫生 COVID-19 差异报告（导致报告的种族主义和社会隔离增加）引起的。所有族裔群体都感受到了利他主义，这体现在国民保健服务（NHS）工作人员及其社区和家庭的韧性上。数据、参与者提出的行动和行为改变车轮为帮助控制 COVID-19 提供了建议的干预措施和政策。
为了提高信任和合规性，未来的报告或指导应明确解释任何因族裔或其他风险群体而导致的健康结果差异，包括为这些群体提供具体信息以及采取具体行动以尽量减少任何风险。信息传递应反映数据或建议中的不确定性以及随着新证据的出现，指导意见可能会如何变化。需要制定应急计划，以减轻所有社区（包括 EMG、弱势群体和社会劣势个人）在应对病例增加和未来大流行方面的 COVID-19 影响。族裔之间平等获得医疗保健至关重要，NHS 和当地社区将需要得到支持以实现这一目标。
