青少年健康相关生活质量的变化及其性别和部分变量的影响：一项为期两年的纵向研究。
Changes in health-related quality of life in adolescents and the impact of gender and selected variables: a two-year longitudinal study.
机构信息
Department of Health and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Postbox 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.
Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
出版信息
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2022 Aug 18;20(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s12955-022-02035-4.
BACKGROUND
Increased knowledge about factors that can impact changes in adolescents' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is needed. The present study aimed to investigate possible HRQOL changes in adolescents at 14 and 16 years, and assess the impact of sociodemographic factors, gender, pain, self-esteem, self-efficacy, loneliness, and stress on HRQOL changes over time. Further, to assess HRQOL stratified by gender.
METHODS
A longitudinal study involving 211 adolescents was conducted. Sociodemographic variables, pain, self-esteem, self-efficacy, loneliness, and stress were all assessed with well-validated instruments. KIDSCREEN-27 was used to measure HRQOL. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, paired samples t-tests, and linear mixed models for repeated measures.
RESULTS
When all variables were added to the linear mixed models, stress, loneliness, and pain were significantly, independently associated with a reduction in HRQOL change scores for four of the five KIDSCREEN subscales. Time was significantly associated with a reduction in physical and psychological well-being. Self-efficacy and self-esteem were significantly associated with an increase in HRQOL change scores for four and two subscales, respectively. Male gender was significantly negatively associated with changes in social support and peers compared to female gender.
CONCLUSION
Our results demonstrated a significant decline in adolescents' HRQOL regarding physical and psychological well-being for the age range 14-16 years. Furthermore, we found that stress, loneliness, and pain have a significant negative impact on HRQOL changes, whereas self-esteem and self-efficacy have a significant positive impact. Our results highlight the importance of increased understanding regarding factors associated with changes in adolescents' HRQOL to enable accurate and strategic interventions.
背景
需要更多地了解可能影响青少年健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）变化的因素。本研究旨在探讨青少年在 14 岁和 16 岁时可能发生的 HRQOL 变化，并评估社会人口统计学因素、性别、疼痛、自尊、自我效能感、孤独感和压力对 HRQOL 随时间变化的影响。此外，还评估了按性别分层的 HRQOL。
方法
一项涉及 211 名青少年的纵向研究。使用经过充分验证的工具评估社会人口统计学变量、疼痛、自尊、自我效能感、孤独感和压力。使用 KIDSCREEN-27 来衡量 HRQOL。使用独立 t 检验、配对样本 t 检验和线性混合模型对重复测量数据进行分析。
结果
当将所有变量添加到线性混合模型中时，压力、孤独感和疼痛与五个 KIDSCREEN 子量表中的四个量表的 HRQOL 变化评分显著独立相关。时间与身体和心理健康的下降显著相关。自我效能感和自尊与四个和两个子量表的 HRQOL 变化评分的增加显著相关。与女性相比，男性的社会支持和同伴变化显著负相关。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，青少年在 14-16 岁年龄段的身体和心理健康方面的 HRQOL 显著下降。此外，我们发现压力、孤独感和疼痛对 HRQOL 变化有显著的负面影响，而自尊和自我效能感对 HRQOL 变化有显著的积极影响。我们的研究结果强调了需要更深入地了解与青少年 HRQOL 变化相关的因素，以实现准确和有策略的干预。
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