The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.
The University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2023 Dec;49(12):1646-1662. doi: 10.1177/01461672221118187. Epub 2022 Aug 19.
Is self-control authentic? Across several hypothetical scenarios, participants perceived impulsive actions as more authentic for others (Study 1a) but self-control as more authentic for themselves (Study 1b). Study 2 partially replicated this asymmetry. Study 3 accounted for behavior positivity because self-control was typically the more positive action in the previous studies. Study 4 minimized the influence of positivity by framing the same behaviors as either impulsive or controlled; impulsive actions were deemed more authentic than self-control, but only for other people. An internal meta-analysis controlling for behavior positivity revealed that (a) more positive behaviors are more authentic, and (b) impulsive actions are more authentic than self-controlled actions, especially for others. This actor-observer asymmetry suggests that, even in the face of a strong tendency to perceive positive actions as authentic, there exists a competing tendency to view others' impulsive actions as more authentic than self-control.
自我控制是真实的吗？在几个假设场景中，参与者认为冲动行为对他人更真实（研究 1a），而自我控制对自己更真实（研究 1b）。研究 2 部分复制了这种不对称性。研究 3 考虑了行为积极性，因为在之前的研究中，自我控制通常是更积极的行为。研究 4 通过将相同的行为框定为冲动或控制来最小化积极性的影响；与自我控制相比，冲动行为被认为更真实，但仅限于他人。一项控制行为积极性的内部元分析表明，（a）更积极的行为更真实，（b）冲动行为比自我控制行为更真实，尤其是对他人而言。这种演员-观察者不对称表明，即使面对将积极行为视为真实的强烈倾向，也存在一种竞争倾向，认为他人的冲动行为比自我控制更真实。
