Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.
Hypertension. 2022 Nov;79(11):2397-2408. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.18556. Epub 2022 Aug 19.
Humans with salt-sensitive hypertension demonstrate increased morbidity, increased mortality, and renal end-organ damage when compared with normotensive subjects or those with salt-resistant hypertension. Substantial evidence from humans and animals has also demonstrated the role of dietary components other than salt to modulate hypertension. Evidence presented in this review provides support for the view that immunity and inflammation serve to amplify the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and leads to malignant disease accompanied by end-organ damage. Interestingly, salt-sensitive disease is modulated by changes in dietary protein intake, which also influences immune mechanisms. Together, the evidence presented in this review from animal and human studies indicates that changes in dietary protein source have profound effects on the gut microbiota, microbiota-derived metabolites, DNA methylation, gene expression, immune cell activation, the production of cytokines and other factors, and the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and related disease phenotypes.
与血压正常的受试者或盐抵抗性高血压患者相比，盐敏感型高血压患者的发病率、死亡率更高，且肾脏终末器官受损的风险也更高。大量来自人类和动物的证据也表明，除了盐以外，饮食成分在调节高血压方面也发挥了作用。本综述中提出的证据支持这样一种观点，即免疫和炎症有助于放大盐敏感型高血压的发展，并导致伴有终末器官损伤的恶性疾病。有趣的是，盐敏感疾病可通过饮食蛋白质摄入的变化来调节，而饮食蛋白质摄入也会影响免疫机制。综上所述，本综述中来自动物和人类研究的证据表明，饮食蛋白质来源的变化对肠道微生物群、微生物衍生代谢物、DNA 甲基化、基因表达、免疫细胞激活、细胞因子等因子的产生以及盐敏感型高血压和相关疾病表型的发展有深远影响。
