Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy.
Centro Retrovirus, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy.
Antiviral Res. 2022 Oct;206:105398. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105398. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
A marked reorganization of internal membranes occurs in the cytoplasm of cells infected by single stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. Most cell compartments change their asset to provide lipids for membrane rearrangement into replication organelles, where to concentrate viral proteins and enzymes while hiding from pathogen pattern recognition molecules. Because the endoplasmic reticulum is a central hub for lipid metabolism, when viruses hijack the organelle to form their replication organelles, a cascade of events change the intracellular environment. This results in a marked increase in lipid consumption, both by lipolysis and lipophagy of lipid droplets. In addition, lipids are used to produce energy for viral replication. At the same time, inflammation is started by signalling lipids, where lysosomal processing plays a relevant role. This review is aimed at providing an overview on what takes place after human class IV viruses have released their genome into the host cell and the consequences on lipid metabolism, including lysosomes.
受单链正链 RNA 病毒感染的细胞的细胞质中会发生明显的内膜重排。大多数细胞区室改变其资产，为膜重排成复制细胞器提供脂质，在这些细胞器中，病毒蛋白和酶集中，同时躲避病原体模式识别分子。因为内质网是脂质代谢的中心枢纽，当病毒劫持细胞器形成它们的复制细胞器时，一系列事件会改变细胞内环境。这导致脂质消耗明显增加，包括脂肪分解和脂滴的自噬。此外，脂质被用于为病毒复制产生能量。同时，信号脂质会引发炎症，其中溶酶体加工起着重要作用。本篇综述旨在概述人类 IV 类病毒将基因组释放到宿主细胞后对脂质代谢（包括溶酶体）的影响。
