Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2022 Aug 20;22(1):377. doi: 10.1186/s12872-022-02808-1.
Both genetic background and diet are important determinants of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Understanding gene-diet interactions could help improve CVD prevention and prognosis. We aimed to summarise the evidence on gene-diet interactions and CVD outcomes systematically.
We searched MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library for relevant studies published until June 6th 2022. We considered for inclusion cross-sectional, case-control, prospective cohort, nested case-control, and case-cohort studies as well as randomised controlled trials that evaluated the interaction between genetic variants and/or genetic risk scores and food or diet intake on the risk of related outcomes, including myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and CVD as a composite outcome. The PROSPERO protocol registration code is CRD42019147031.
We included 59 articles based on data from 29 studies; six articles involved multiple studies, and seven did not report details of their source population. The median sample size of the articles was 2562 participants. Of the 59 articles, 21 (35.6%) were qualified as high quality, while the rest were intermediate or poor. Eleven (18.6%) articles adjusted for multiple comparisons, four (7.0%) attempted to replicate the findings, 18 (30.5%) were based on Han-Chinese ethnicity, and 29 (49.2%) did not present Minor Allele Frequency. Fifty different dietary exposures and 52 different genetic factors were investigated, with alcohol intake and ADH1C variants being the most examined. Of 266 investigated diet-gene interaction tests, 50 (18.8%) were statistically significant, including CETP-TaqIB and ADH1C variants, which interacted with alcohol intake on CHD risk. However, interactions effects were significant only in some articles and did not agree on the direction of effects. Moreover, most of the studies that reported significant interactions lacked replication. Overall, the evidence on gene-diet interactions on CVD is limited, and lack correction for multiple testing, replication and sample size consideration.
遗传背景和饮食都是心血管疾病（CVD）的重要决定因素。了解基因-饮食相互作用有助于改善 CVD 的预防和预后。我们旨在系统地总结基因-饮食相互作用与 CVD 结局的证据。
我们通过 Ovid 中的 MEDLINE、Embase、PubMed 和 The Cochrane Library 搜索了截至 2022 年 6 月 6 日发表的相关研究。我们考虑纳入横断面、病例对照、前瞻性队列、巢式病例对照和病例队列研究以及随机对照试验，评估遗传变异和/或遗传风险评分与食物或饮食摄入之间的相互作用与相关结局（包括心肌梗死、冠心病、中风和 CVD 复合结局）的风险。PROSPERO 方案注册号为 CRD42019147031。
我们根据 29 项研究的数据纳入了 59 篇文章；6 篇文章涉及多项研究，7 篇文章未报告其源人群的详细信息。文章的中位样本量为 2562 名参与者。在 59 篇文章中，21 篇（35.6%）为高质量，其余为中等到低质量。11 篇（18.6%）文章进行了多次比较校正，4 篇（7.0%）尝试复制发现，18 篇（30.5%）基于汉族人群，29 篇（49.2%）未报告 Minor Allele Frequency。共调查了 50 种不同的饮食暴露和 52 种不同的遗传因素，其中酒精摄入和 ADH1C 变体的研究最多。在 266 项饮食-基因相互作用检验中，50 项（18.8%）具有统计学意义，包括 CETP-TaqIB 和 ADH1C 变体，它们与酒精摄入相互作用与冠心病风险相关。然而，相互作用的影响仅在一些文章中显著，并且对影响的方向没有一致意见。此外，大多数报告有显著相互作用的研究缺乏复制。总体而言，关于 CVD 中基因-饮食相互作用的证据有限，且缺乏对多次检验、复制和样本量的校正。
