Swain Dilip Kumar, Sharma Pratishtha, Shah Nadeem, Sethi Manisha, Mahajan Abhishek, Gupta Shashikant, Mishra Abhishek Kumar, Yadav Sarvajeet
Sperm Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Sperm Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhayaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2022 Nov;246:107052. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107052. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
To participate in sperm-oocyte fusion, spermatozoa need to be motile. In the testes, spermatozoa are immotile, although these gametes acquire the capacity for motility during the transit through the epididymis. During the period of epididymal transport from the male genital tract to the female genital tract, spermatozoa exhibit various types of motility that are regulated by complex signalling and communication mechanisms. Because motility is very dynamic, it can be affected by small changes in the external or internal environment of spermatozoa within a very short time. This indicates that regulatory membrane proteins, known as sperm ion channels, are involved in the regulation of sperm motility. Research results from studies, where there was use of electrophysiological, pharmacological, molecular and knock-out approaches, indicate ion channels are possibly involved in the regulation of sperm membrane polarisation, intracellular pH, motility, energy homeostasis, membrane integrity, capacitation, hyperactivity, acrosome reaction and fertilisation processes. In this review, there is summarisation of the key functions that ion channels have in the regulation, initiation, maintenance, and modulation of sperm motility. In addition, in this review there is highlighting of novel insights about the pathways of ion channels that are activated in spermatozoa while these gametes are located in the oviduct leading to the fertilisation capacity of these cells.
为了参与精卵融合，精子需要具备运动能力。在睾丸中，精子是不活动的，尽管这些配子在通过附睾的过程中获得了运动能力。在从男性生殖道运输到女性生殖道的附睾运输期间，精子表现出各种类型的运动，这些运动受复杂的信号和通讯机制调节。由于运动非常动态，它可能在很短的时间内受到精子外部或内部环境微小变化的影响。这表明，被称为精子离子通道的调节膜蛋白参与了精子运动的调节。使用电生理、药理学、分子和基因敲除方法的研究结果表明，离子通道可能参与精子膜极化、细胞内pH值、运动、能量稳态、膜完整性、获能、超活化、顶体反应和受精过程的调节。在这篇综述中，总结了离子通道在精子运动的调节、启动、维持和调节中的关键功能。此外，在这篇综述中还强调了关于精子位于输卵管中时激活的离子通道途径的新见解，这些见解导致了这些细胞的受精能力。
