Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway.
Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 10;851(Pt 1):158193. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158193. Epub 2022 Aug 19.
The continual discharge of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into the marine environment, even at concentrations as low as ng/L, can exceed levels that induce sublethal effects to aquatic organisms. Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is the most prescribed antidepressant in Norway, though the presence, potential for transport, and uptake by aquatic biota have not been assessed. To better understand the release and bioaccumulative capacity of amitriptyline, laboratory exposure studies were carried out with field-collected sediments. Influent and effluent composite samples from the WWTP of Stavanger (the 4th largest city in Norway) were taken, and sediment samples were collected in three sites in the proximity of this WWTP discharge at sea (WWTP discharge (IVAR), Boknafjord, and Kvitsøy (reference)). Polychaetes (Nereis virens) were exposed to field-collected sediments, as well as to Kvitsøy sediment spiked with 3 and 30 μg/g amitriptyline for 28 days. The WWTP influent and effluent samples had concentrations of amitriptyline of 4.93 ± 1.40 and 6.24 ± 1.39 ng/L, respectively. Sediment samples collected from IVAR, Boknafjord, and Kvitsøy had concentrations of 6.5 ± 3.9, 15.6 ± 12.7, and 12.7 ± 8.0 ng/g, respectively. Concentrations of amitriptyline were below the limit of detection in polychaetes exposed to sediment collected from Kvitsøy and IVAR, and 5.2 ± 2.8 ng/g in those exposed to Boknafjord sediment. Sediment spiked with 3 and 30 μg/g amitriptyline had measured values of 423.83 ± 33.1 and 763.2 ± 180.5 ng/g, respectively. Concentrations in worms exposed to the amended sediments were 9.5 ± 0.2 and 56.6 ± 2.2 ng/g, respectively. This is the first known study to detect measurable concentrations of amitriptyline in WWTP discharge in Norway and accumulation in polychaetes treated with field-collected sediments, suggesting that amitriptyline has the potential for trophic transfer in marine systems.
从废水处理厂（WWTP）持续排放的药物即使浓度低至 ng/L 也可能超过诱导水生生物亚致死效应的水平。阿米替林是一种三环类抗抑郁药，是挪威使用最多的抗抑郁药，但它的存在、潜在迁移性以及对水生生物群的吸收情况尚未得到评估。为了更好地了解阿米替林的释放和生物累积能力，进行了实验室暴露研究，使用从斯塔万格（挪威第四大城市） WWTP 采集的沉积物。从 WWTP 中采集进水和出水综合样本，并在该 WWTP 排放口附近的三个地点（排放口（IVAR）、博克纳峡湾和克维特索伊（参考））采集沉积物样本。多毛类环节动物（Nereis virens）暴露于采集的沉积物以及用 3 和 30μg/g 阿米替林处理的克维特索伊沉积物中 28 天。WWTP 进水和出水样本中的阿米替林浓度分别为 4.93±1.40 和 6.24±1.39ng/L。从 IVAR、博克纳峡湾和克维特索伊采集的沉积物样本中的浓度分别为 6.5±3.9、15.6±12.7 和 12.7±8.0ng/g。暴露于采集的克维特索伊和 IVAR 沉积物中的多毛类动物体内的阿米替林浓度低于检测限，暴露于博克纳峡湾沉积物中的浓度为 5.2±2.8ng/g。用 3 和 30μg/g 阿米替林处理的沉积物的实测值分别为 423.83±33.1 和 763.2±180.5ng/g。暴露于改良沉积物中的蠕虫浓度分别为 9.5±0.2 和 56.6±2.2ng/g。这是首次在挪威 WWTP 排放物中检测到可测量浓度的阿米替林并在使用采集的沉积物处理的多毛类动物中积累的研究，表明阿米替林在海洋系统中具有营养转移的潜力。
