Breil Simon M, Mielke Ina, Ahrens Helmut, Geldmacher Thomas, Sensmeier Janina, Marschall Bernhard, Back Mitja D
Department of Psychology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
J Intell. 2022 Jul 29;10(3):48. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence10030048.
Social skills are of key importance in everyday and work life. However, the way in which they are typically assessed via self-report questionnaires has one potential downside; self-reports assess individuals' global self-concepts, which do not necessarily reflect individuals' actual social behaviors. In this research, we aimed to investigate how self-concepts assessed via questionnaires relate to skill expression assessed via behavioral observations after short interpersonal simulations. For this, we used an alternative behavior-based skill assessment approach designed to capture expressions of predefined social skills. Self- and observer ratings were collected to assess three different social skills: agency (i.e., getting ahead in social situations), communion (i.e., getting along in social situations), and interpersonal resilience (i.e., staying calm in social situations). We explored how these skills were related to self-concepts by differentiating between a classic personality measure (i.e., Big Five Inventory 2; BFI-2) and a novel skill questionnaire (i.e., Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory; BESSI). The results ( = 137) showed that both personality and skill self-concepts predicted self-rated skill expression, with the BESSI showing incremental validity. For both personality and skills self-concepts, the relationships with observer-rated skill expression were significant for agency but not for communion or interpersonal resilience. We discuss these results and highlight the theoretical and practical importance of differentiating between skill self-concepts and actual skill expression.
社交技能在日常生活和工作中至关重要。然而，通过自我报告问卷对其进行评估的方式存在一个潜在的缺点；自我报告评估的是个体的整体自我概念，这不一定能反映个体的实际社交行为。在本研究中，我们旨在调查通过问卷评估的自我概念与在简短人际模拟后通过行为观察评估的技能表现之间的关系。为此，我们采用了一种基于行为的替代技能评估方法，旨在捕捉预先定义的社交技能的表现。收集了自我评分和观察者评分，以评估三种不同的社交技能：能动性（即在社交情境中取得进步）、亲和性（即在社交情境中融洽相处）和人际适应能力（即在社交情境中保持冷静）。我们通过区分经典人格测量工具（即大五人格量表第二版；BFI - 2）和新型技能问卷（即行为、情感和社交技能量表；BESSI）来探究这些技能与自我概念之间的关系。结果（n = 137）表明，人格和技能自我概念都能预测自我评定的技能表现，其中BESSI显示出递增效度。对于人格和技能自我概念而言，它们与观察者评定的技能表现之间的关系在能动性方面显著，但在亲和性或人际适应能力方面不显著。我们讨论了这些结果，并强调了区分技能自我概念和实际技能表现的理论和实践重要性。
