沙特阿拉伯卡西姆地区17岁以下儿童弱视的临床特征
The Clinical Characteristics of Amblyopia in Children Under 17 Years of Age in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia.
作者信息
Aljohani Saeed, Aldakhil Sulaiman, Alrasheed Saif H, Tan Qing-Qing, Alshammeri Saleh
机构信息
Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Clin Ophthalmol. 2022 Aug 18;16:2677-2684. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S379550. eCollection 2022.
PURPOSE
To provide the clinical characteristics of amblyopia in children under 17 years of age in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study was a cross-sectional hospital-based, included 121 children with amblyopia aged between 3 and 17 years, referred from 6 hospitals in Qassim region to the paediatric optometry clinic at Qassim University medical city. Demographics and comprehensive ocular examination including visual acuity (VA), assessment of anterior and posterior segment, cycloplegic refraction (RE), angle of deviation, and cause of amblyopia were collected.
RESULTS
The mean age at diagnosis of amblyopia was 8.93 ± 3.67 years. The leading cause of amblyopia was strabismus and anisometropia shared the same percentage at 29.75%, and the combined-mechanism at 18.18%. Amblyopia was more common in males 57.85%, particularly strabismic amblyopia in 66.67% and anisometropic amblyopia in 61.11%, = 0.408. Amblyopia was more predominant in the age group 6- to 9-year-old, particularly, strabismic amblyopia 44.44%, and amblyopia due to a combined mechanism of 36.36%, = 0.066. The degree of hyperopia was not varied by the cause of amblyopia ( = 0.401), with slightly high hyperopia found in ametropic and strabismic amblyopia. Conversely, hyperopic astigmatism was significantly associated with amblyopia = 0.020, with a high degree of hyperopic astigmatism found in meridional amblyopia and ametropic amblyopia.
CONCLUSION
The commonest types of amblyopia in children were attributed to strabismus and anisometropia. Causes of amblyopia differed by age group with strabismus, anisometropia, and combined mechanism accounting for most children aged 6- to 9-years and strabismus for children aged less than 6 years. Hyperopic and myopic astigmatism were significantly associated with anisometropia and meridional amblyopia. Therefore, efforts should be made for early diagnosis and management of childhood amblyopia and uncorrected refractive errors to avoid their impact on quality of life.
目的
提供沙特阿拉伯卡西姆地区17岁以下儿童弱视的临床特征。
患者与方法
本研究为基于医院的横断面研究，纳入了121例年龄在3至17岁之间的弱视儿童，这些儿童由卡西姆地区的6家医院转诊至卡西姆大学医学城的儿科验光诊所。收集了人口统计学资料以及包括视力（VA）、眼前段和眼后段评估、睫状肌麻痹验光（RE）、斜视度和弱视病因在内的全面眼部检查数据。
结果
弱视诊断的平均年龄为8.93±3.67岁。弱视的主要病因是斜视和屈光参差，各占29.75%，混合机制占18.18%。弱视在男性中更为常见，占57.85%，尤其是斜视性弱视占66.67%，屈光参差性弱视占61.11%，P = 0.408。弱视在6至9岁年龄组中更为普遍，尤其是斜视性弱视占44.44%，混合机制导致的弱视占36.36%，P = 0.066。弱视的远视程度不因弱视病因而异（P = 0.401），在屈光不正性弱视和斜视性弱视中发现有稍高的远视。相反，远视散光与弱视显著相关（P = 0.020），在子午线性弱视和屈光不正性弱视中发现有高度远视散光。
结论
儿童弱视最常见的类型归因于斜视和屈光参差。弱视病因因年龄组而异，斜视、屈光参差和混合机制在6至9岁儿童中占大多数，而斜视在6岁以下儿童中占主导。远视和近视散光与屈光参差和子午线性弱视显著相关。因此，应努力对儿童弱视和未矫正的屈光不正进行早期诊断和管理，以避免其对生活质量的影响。
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