Alsaif Bayan A, Aljindan Mohanna Y, Alrammah Hanan M, Almulla Malak O, Alshahrani Saad S
College of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahamn Bin Fasial University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia,
Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Fasial University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2019 Feb 27;13:437-443. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S193213. eCollection 2019.
To determine the prevalence of refractive errors among freshman students of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), and to examine the relationship of near-work activities and outdoor activities with refractive errors.
A cross-sectional study of 338 freshman students of IAU (162 males, 176 females) was carried out. Students were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Eye examination was done including non-cycloplegic autorefraction for determining the refractive error status. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤-0.75 diopters (D), and it was further divided into low myopia (SER from -0.75 D to -2.99 D), moderate myopia (SER from -3.00 to -5.99 D), and high myopia (SER ≤-6.00 D). Hyperopia was defined as SER ≥1.00 D and emmetropia as having an SER value between that of low myopia and hyperopia. SER was calculated as sphere + 1/2 cylinder. A questionnaire detailed on activities was completed by participants.
Myopia was found in 47.9% of the students (95% CI 42.7%-53.3%). The most prevalent type of myopia was low myopia (66.7%; 95% CI 59.1%-73.5%). Hyperopia and emmetropia were found in 6.5% (95% CI 4.3%-9.7%) and 45.6% (95% CI 40.3%-50.9%) of the students, respectively. Parental myopia was significantly associated with the myopic status of the students (=0.007, Fisher's exact test). About 6% of myopic students had a history of myopia in both parents. In addition, both parents had a history of myopia in 1.9% of emmetropic students, whereas such an association was absent in the hyperopic students. Refractive error type in both genders was not significantly predicted by the activity type.
Although the different types of activities did not predict the types of refractive errors, the high prevalence of myopia among the college students at this age requires further studies to explore more about the clinical characteristics and risk factors of the disease.
确定阿卜杜勒拉赫曼·本·费萨尔大学（IAU）新生屈光不正的患病率，并研究近距离工作活动和户外活动与屈光不正之间的关系。
对IAU的338名新生（162名男性，176名女性）进行了横断面研究。采用简单随机抽样技术选取学生。进行了眼科检查，包括非散瞳自动验光以确定屈光不正状态。近视定义为等效球镜度（SER）≤-0.75屈光度（D），并进一步分为低度近视（SER为-0.75 D至-2.99 D）、中度近视（SER为-3.00至-5.99 D）和高度近视（SER≤-6.00 D）。远视定义为SER≥1.00 D，正视定义为SER值介于低度近视和远视之间。SER计算为球镜度+1/2柱镜度。参与者完成了一份关于活动的详细问卷。
47.9%的学生患有近视（95%置信区间42.7%-53.3%）。最常见的近视类型是低度近视（66.7%；95%置信区间59.1%-73.5%）。远视和正视分别在6.5%（95%置信区间4.3%-9.7%）和45.6%（95%置信区间40.3%-50.9%）的学生中发现。父母近视与学生的近视状态显著相关（P=0.007，Fisher精确检验）。约6%的近视学生父母双方都有近视史。此外，1.9%的正视学生父母双方都有近视史，而远视学生中不存在这种关联。活动类型未显著预测男女的屈光不正类型。
虽然不同类型的活动不能预测屈光不正的类型，但这个年龄段大学生近视的高患病率需要进一步研究，以更多地探索该疾病的临床特征和危险因素。
