Espinet Stacey D, Graziosi Gemma, Toplak Maggie E, Hesson Jacqueline, Minhas Priyanka
CADDRA-Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance, Toronto, ON M5A 3X9, Canada.
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
Brain Sci. 2022 Aug 8;12(8):1051. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12081051.
(1) Background: ADHD is recognized as one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD is estimated at 5.3%; however, estimates vary as a function of a number of factors, including diagnostic methods, age, sex and geographical location. A review of studies is needed to clarify the epidemiology of ADHD in Canada. (2) Methods: A search strategy was created in PubMed and adapted for MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Papers were included if they examined diagnosed ADHD prevalence and/or incidence rates in any region of Canada, age group and gender. A snowball technique was used to identify additional papers from reference lists, and experts in the field were consulted. (3) Results: Ten papers included in this review reported on prevalence, and one reported on incidence. One study provided an overall prevalence estimate across provinces for adults of 2.9%, and one study provided an overall estimate across five provinces for children and youth of 8.6%. Across age groups (1 to 24 years), incidence estimates ranged from 0.4% to 1.2%, depending on province. Estimates varied by age, gender, province, region and time. (4) Conclusions: The overall Canadian ADHD prevalence estimate is similar to worldwide estimates for adults. Most studies reported on prevalence rather than incidence. Differences in estimates across provinces may reflect the varying number of practitioners available to diagnose and prescribe medication for ADHD across provinces. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of ADHD in Canada, a study is needed that includes all provinces and territories, and that considers estimates in relation to age, gender, ethnicity, geographical region, socioeconomic status and access to mental healthcare coverage. Incidence rates need further examination to be determined.
(1) 背景：注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）被认为是最常见的神经发育障碍之一。据估计，全球ADHD患病率为5.3%；然而，由于多种因素，包括诊断方法、年龄、性别和地理位置，估计值有所不同。需要对相关研究进行综述，以阐明加拿大ADHD的流行病学情况。(2) 方法：在PubMed上制定了搜索策略，并适用于MEDLINE和PsycINFO。如果论文研究了加拿大任何地区、年龄组和性别的ADHD诊断患病率和/或发病率，则纳入研究。采用滚雪球技术从参考文献列表中识别其他论文，并咨询了该领域的专家。(3) 结果：本综述纳入的10篇论文报告了患病率，1篇报告了发病率。一项研究提供了各省成年人的总体患病率估计值为2.9%，一项研究提供了五个省份儿童和青少年的总体估计值为8.6%。在各年龄组（1至24岁）中，发病率估计值在0.4%至1.2%之间，具体取决于省份。估计值因年龄、性别、省份、地区和时间而异。(4) 结论：加拿大ADHD总体患病率估计值与全球成年人估计值相似。大多数研究报告的是患病率而非发病率。各省估计值的差异可能反映了各省可用于诊断和开具ADHD药物处方的从业者数量不同。为了更全面地了解加拿大ADHD的流行病学情况，需要开展一项涵盖所有省份和地区的研究，并考虑与年龄、性别、种族、地理区域、社会经济地位以及获得精神卫生保健覆盖相关的估计值。发病率需要进一步研究确定。
