Department of Pediatrics, Bielanski Hospital, Ceglowska 80, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Aug 6;13(8):1397. doi: 10.3390/genes13081397.
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria indisputably constitutes a major global health problem. Pathogenic are listed among the most critical group of bacteria that require fast development of new antibiotics and innovative treatment strategies. Among harmful extraintestinal strains, uropathogenic (UPEC) pose a significant health threat. UPEC are considered the major causative factor of urinary tract infection (UTI), the second-most commonly diagnosed infectious disease in humans worldwide. UTI treatment places a substantial financial burden on healthcare systems. Most importantly, the misuse of antibiotics during treatment has caused selection of strains with the ability to acquire MDR via miscellaneous mechanisms resulting in gaining resistance against many commonly prescribed antibiotics like ampicillin, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole and quinolones. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as transposons, integrons and conjugative plasmids are the major drivers in spreading resistance genes in UPEC. The co-occurrence of various bacterial evasion strategies involving MGEs and the SOS stress response system requires further research and can potentially lead to the discovery of new, much-awaited therapeutic targets. Here, we analyzed and summarized recent discoveries regarding the role, mechanisms, and perspectives of MDR in the pathogenicity of UPEC.
耐药菌（MDR）的迅速出现无疑构成了一个主要的全球健康问题。病原菌被列为最需要快速开发新抗生素和创新治疗策略的关键细菌群之一。在有害的肠道外菌株中，尿路致病性 （UPEC）构成了重大的健康威胁。UPEC 被认为是尿路感染（UTI）的主要致病因素，UTI 是全球范围内第二大常见的传染病。UTI 的治疗给医疗保健系统带来了巨大的财务负担。最重要的是，在治疗过程中抗生素的滥用导致了具有通过各种机制获得 MDR 能力的菌株的选择，从而对许多常用的抗生素（如氨苄西林、庆大霉素、复方新诺明和喹诺酮类药物）产生了耐药性。移动遗传元件（MGEs），如转座子、整合子和可移动质粒，是 UPEC 中传播耐药基因的主要驱动力。涉及 MGEs 和 SOS 应激反应系统的各种细菌逃避策略的共存需要进一步的研究，并有可能发现新的、备受期待的治疗靶点。在这里，我们分析和总结了关于 UPEC 致病性中 MDR 的作用、机制和前景的最新发现。
