Vieira-Baptista Pedro, Lima-Silva Joana, Preti Mario, Sousa Carlos, Caiano Fernanda, Stockdale Colleen K, Bornstein Jacob
Hospital Lusíadas Porto, 4050-115 Porto, Portugal.
Lower Genital Tract Unit, Centro Hospitalar de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Microorganisms. 2022 Aug 15;10(8):1645. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081645.
Leptothrix are long bacteria of rare occurrence; although these bacteria have been implicated in causing vaginal symptoms identical to candidiasis, studies on prevalence and effect on overall vaginal health are lacking. In this study, we evaluated data of women referred to a private clinic for treating vulvovaginal symptoms (n = 1847) and reassessed data of our previous and ongoing studies (n = 1773). The overall rate of leptothrix was 2.8% (102/3620), and the mean age of affected women was 38.8 ± 10.65 years (range 18-76). The majority of the women with leptothrix had normal vaginal flora (63.7% [65/102]). Leptothrix was associated with a higher risk of candidiasis (relative risk (RR) 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1600-3.1013; = 0.010) and a lower risk of bacterial vaginosis (RR 0.55, 95% CI, 0.3221-0.9398; = 0.029) and cytolytic vaginosis (RR 0.11, 95% CI, 0.0294-0.4643; = 0.002). No cases of trichomoniasis were observed. Human immunodeficiency virus infection increased the risk of leptothrix (RR 3.0, 95% CI, 1.6335-5.7245; = 0.000). Among the women evaluated for vulvovaginal symptoms, 2.4% (45/1847) had leptothrix, and in 26.7% (12/45), leptothrix was considered the causative entity. This study suggests that leptothrix occurrence is rare; it remains unresolved if it can be a cause of vulvar symptoms.
纤发菌是一种罕见的长杆菌；尽管这些细菌被认为会引发与念珠菌病相同的阴道症状，但关于其患病率以及对整体阴道健康影响的研究却很缺乏。在本研究中，我们评估了前往一家私人诊所治疗外阴阴道症状的女性的数据（n = 1847），并重新评估了我们之前及正在进行的研究的数据（n = 1773）。纤发菌的总体发生率为2.8%（102/3620），受影响女性的平均年龄为38.8±10.65岁（范围18 - 76岁）。大多数感染纤发菌的女性阴道菌群正常（63.7% [65/102]）。纤发菌与念珠菌病风险较高相关（相对风险（RR）1.90，95%置信区间（CI）1.1600 - 3.1013；P = 0.010），与细菌性阴道病风险较低相关（RR 0.55，95% CI，0.3221 - 0.9398；P = 0.029）以及与细胞溶解性阴道病风险较低相关（RR 0.11，95% CI，0.0294 - 0.4643；P = 0.002）。未观察到滴虫病病例。人类免疫缺陷病毒感染会增加纤发菌感染风险（RR 3.0，95% CI，1.6335 - 5.7245；P = 0.000）。在接受外阴阴道症状评估的女性中，2.4%（45/1847）感染了纤发菌，其中26.7%（12/45）的病例中纤发菌被认为是致病因素。本研究表明纤发菌的发生率很低；它是否会导致外阴症状仍未明确。
