De Fazio Roberto, Mattei Veronica, Al-Naami Bassam, De Vittorio Massimo, Visconti Paolo
Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Micromachines (Basel). 2022 Aug 17;13(8):1335. doi: 10.3390/mi13081335.
Sleep is crucial for human health from metabolic, mental, emotional, and social points of view; obtaining good sleep in terms of quality and duration is fundamental for maintaining a good life quality. Over the years, several systems have been proposed in the scientific literature and on the market to derive metrics used to quantify sleep quality as well as detect sleep disturbances and disorders. In this field, wearable systems have an important role in the discreet, accurate, and long-term detection of biophysical markers useful to determine sleep quality. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art wearable systems and software tools for sleep staging and detecting sleep disorders and dysfunctions. At first, the paper discusses sleep's functions and the importance of monitoring sleep to detect eventual sleep disturbance and disorders. Afterward, an overview of prototype and commercial headband-like wearable devices to monitor sleep is presented, both reported in the scientific literature and on the market, allowing unobtrusive and accurate detection of sleep quality markers. Furthermore, a survey of scientific works related the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep functions, attributable to both infection and lifestyle changes. In addition, a survey of algorithms for sleep staging and detecting sleep disorders is introduced based on an analysis of single or multiple biosignals (EEG-electroencephalography, ECG-electrocardiography, EMG-electromyography, EOG-electrooculography, etc.). Lastly, comparative analyses and insights are provided to determine the future trends related to sleep monitoring systems.
从代谢、心理、情感和社会角度来看，睡眠对人类健康至关重要；在质量和时长方面获得良好睡眠是维持良好生活质量的基础。多年来，科学文献和市场上已经提出了几种系统，用于得出用于量化睡眠质量以及检测睡眠障碍和失调的指标。在这个领域，可穿戴系统在谨慎、准确且长期地检测有助于确定睡眠质量的生物物理标志物方面发挥着重要作用。本文介绍了用于睡眠分期以及检测睡眠障碍和功能失调的当前最先进的可穿戴系统和软件工具。首先，本文讨论了睡眠的功能以及监测睡眠以检测可能出现的睡眠障碍和失调的重要性。之后，概述了科学文献和市场上报道的用于监测睡眠的类似头带的原型和商业可穿戴设备，这些设备能够实现对睡眠质量标志物的无干扰且准确的检测。此外，还对与2019冠状病毒病大流行对睡眠功能的影响相关的科学研究进行了调查，这种影响归因于感染和生活方式的改变。另外，基于对单一或多个生物信号（脑电图、心电图、肌电图、眼电图等）的分析，介绍了用于睡眠分期和检测睡眠障碍的算法调查。最后，提供了比较分析和见解，以确定与睡眠监测系统相关的未来趋势。
