Crozier Ian, Britson Kyla A, Wolfe Daniel N, Klena John D, Hensley Lisa E, Lee John S, Wolfraim Larry A, Taylor Kimberly L, Higgs Elizabeth S, Montgomery Joel M, Martins Karen A
Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Washington, DC 20201, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jul 29;10(8):1213. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10081213.
The Ebola virus disease outbreak that occurred in Western Africa from 2013-2016, and subsequent smaller but increasingly frequent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in recent years, spurred an unprecedented effort to develop and deploy effective vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. This effort led to the U.S. regulatory approval of a diagnostic test, two vaccines, and two therapeutics for Ebola virus disease indications. Moreover, the establishment of fieldable diagnostic tests improved the speed with which patients can be diagnosed and public health resources mobilized. The United States government has played and continues to play a key role in funding and coordinating these medical countermeasure efforts. Here, we describe the coordinated U.S. government response to develop medical countermeasures for Ebola virus disease and we identify lessons learned that may improve future efforts to develop and deploy effective countermeasures against other filoviruses, such as Sudan virus and Marburg virus.
2013年至2016年在西非爆发的埃博拉病毒病疫情，以及近年来随后出现的规模较小但日益频繁的埃博拉病毒病疫情，促使人们以前所未有的力度研发和部署有效的疫苗、治疗方法及诊断工具。这一努力促成了美国监管部门批准了一种用于埃博拉病毒病适应症的诊断测试、两种疫苗和两种治疗方法。此外，可用于现场检测的诊断测试的建立提高了患者的诊断速度，并调动了公共卫生资源。美国政府在为这些医疗对策研发工作提供资金和协调方面发挥了并将继续发挥关键作用。在此，我们描述美国政府为研发埃博拉病毒病医疗对策而采取的协调行动，并确定从中吸取的经验教训，这些经验教训可能有助于改进未来针对其他丝状病毒（如苏丹病毒和马尔堡病毒）研发和部署有效对策的工作。
