Burk Robin, Bollinger Laura, Johnson Joshua C, Wada Jiro, Radoshitzky Sheli R, Palacios Gustavo, Bavari Sina, Jahrling Peter B, Kuhn Jens H
Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2016 Jul;40(4):494-519. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuw010. Epub 2016 Jun 5.
Eight viruses are currently assigned to the family Filoviridae Marburg virus, Sudan virus and, in particular, Ebola virus have received the most attention both by researchers and the public from 1967 to 2013. During this period, natural human filovirus disease outbreaks occurred sporadically in Equatorial Africa and, despite high case-fatality rates, never included more than several dozen to a few hundred infections per outbreak. Research emphasis shifted almost exclusively to Ebola virus in 2014, when this virus was identified as the cause of an outbreak that has thus far involved more than 28 646 people and caused more than 11 323 deaths in Western Africa. Consequently, major efforts are currently underway to develop licensed medical countermeasures against Ebola virus infection. However, the ecology of and mechanisms behind Ebola virus emergence are as little understood as they are for all other filoviruses. Consequently, the possibility of the future occurrence of a large disease outbreak caused by other less characterized filoviruses (i.e. Bundibugyo virus, Lloviu virus, Ravn virus, Reston virus and Taï Forest virus) is impossible to rule out. Yet, for many of these viruses, not even rudimentary research tools are available, let alone medical countermeasures. This review summarizes the current knowledge on these less well-characterized filoviruses.
目前，丝状病毒科归为8种病毒。从1967年到2013年，马尔堡病毒、苏丹病毒，尤其是埃博拉病毒受到了研究人员和公众的最多关注。在此期间，人类自然丝状病毒病疫情在赤道非洲零星发生，尽管病死率很高，但每次疫情感染人数从未超过几十至几百例。2014年，研究重点几乎完全转向了埃博拉病毒，当时该病毒被确定为一场疫情的病因，这场疫情迄今已在西非造成超过28646人感染，11323人死亡。因此，目前正在大力开展工作，以开发针对埃博拉病毒感染的许可医疗对策。然而，埃博拉病毒出现的生态学和背后机制，与所有其他丝状病毒一样，鲜为人知。因此，未来由其他特征较少的丝状病毒（即本迪布焦病毒、洛维乌病毒、拉夫恩病毒、雷斯顿病毒和塔伊森林病毒）引起大规模疾病爆发的可能性无法排除。然而，对于其中许多病毒，甚至连基本的研究工具都没有，更不用说医疗对策了。本综述总结了目前关于这些特征较少的丝状病毒的知识。
