Miller Jonas G, López Vanessa, Buthmann Jessica L, Garcia Jordan M, Gotlib Ian H
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2022 Jul;2(3):253-262. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.03.005. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
Mental and physical health are affected by family and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). Accelerated maturation in the context of lower SES is one mechanism that might contribute to underlying health disparities; few studies, however, have considered neighborhood SES in relation to putative markers of brain maturation in adolescents.
In 120 adolescents 13 to 18 years of age, we examined family and neighborhood SES in relation to cortical thickness adjusted for age. We also examined whether cortical thickness was related to depressive symptoms and explored regions of interest.
Controlling for age, neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with a thinner cortex in the left hemisphere (standardized β = -0.20), which was related to more severe depressive symptoms (standardized β = -0.33). Family SES was not significantly associated with age-adjusted mean cortical thickness in either hemisphere after controlling for relevant covariates. In exploratory, covariate-adjusted analyses of cortical thickness at the regional level, neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with reduced cortical thickness in the left superior frontal gyrus (standardized β = -0.27), fusiform gyrus (standardized β = -0.20), and insula (standardized β = -0.21), whereas family SES was positively associated with cortical thickness in the right lateral and right medial orbitofrontal cortex (standardized β = 0.21 and standardized β = 0.19, respectively) and left transverse temporal gyrus (standardized β = 0.22).
Our findings provide evidence for a social gradient of cortical thickness during adolescence. Adolescents living in less advantaged community or family contexts appear to have a thinner cortex according to global and regional measures. Reduced cortical thickness in the left hemisphere may indicate increased risk for depression in adolescence.
心理和身体健康受家庭及邻里社会经济地位（SES）的影响。在较低社会经济地位背景下的早熟是可能导致潜在健康差距的一种机制；然而，很少有研究考虑邻里社会经济地位与青少年大脑成熟的假定标志物之间的关系。
在120名13至18岁的青少年中，我们研究了家庭和邻里社会经济地位与根据年龄调整后的皮质厚度之间的关系。我们还研究了皮质厚度是否与抑郁症状相关，并探索了感兴趣的区域。
在控制年龄后，邻里社会经济劣势与左半球较薄的皮质相关（标准化β=-0.20），这与更严重的抑郁症状相关（标准化β=-0.33）。在控制相关协变量后，家庭社会经济地位与任何一个半球经年龄调整后的平均皮质厚度均无显著关联。在区域水平上对皮质厚度进行探索性、协变量调整分析时，邻里社会经济劣势与左上额回（标准化β=-0.27）、梭状回（标准化β=-0.20）和脑岛（标准化β=-0.21）皮质厚度减少相关，而家庭社会经济地位与右侧外侧和右侧内侧眶额皮质（分别为标准化β=0.21和标准化β=0.19）以及左侧颞横回（标准化β=0.22）的皮质厚度呈正相关。
我们的研究结果为青春期皮质厚度的社会梯度提供了证据。根据整体和区域测量，生活在较不利社区或家庭环境中的青少年似乎皮质较薄。左半球皮质厚度减少可能表明青春期患抑郁症的风险增加。
