ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, CEK Building. E-08036 Barcelona, Spain.
IGTP Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain, Ctra. de Can Ruti. Camí de les Escoles, S/n, 08916 Badalona (Barcelona), Spain.
J Immunol Res. 2022 Aug 17;2022:5230603. doi: 10.1155/2022/5230603. eCollection 2022.
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoa parasite , is a neglected tropical disease and a major public health problem affecting more than 6 million people worldwide. Many challenges remain in the quest to control Chagas disease: the diagnosis presents several limitations and the two available treatments cause several side effects, presenting limited efficacy during the chronic phase of the disease. In addition, there are no preventive vaccines or biomarkers of therapeutic response or disease outcome. Trypomastigote form and -infected cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are involved in cell-to-cell communication and can modulate the host immune response. Importantly, EVs have been described as promising tools for the development of new therapeutic strategies, such as vaccines, and for the discovery of new biomarkers. Here, we review and discuss the role of EVs secreted during infection and their immunomodulatory properties. Finally, we briefly describe their potential for biomarker discovery and future perspectives as vaccine development tools for Chagas Disease.
克氏锥虫引起的恰加斯病是一种被忽视的热带病，也是一个主要的公共卫生问题，影响着全球超过 6000 万人。在控制恰加斯病的过程中仍然存在许多挑战：诊断存在多种局限性，现有的两种治疗方法会引起多种副作用，在疾病的慢性期疗效有限。此外，目前还没有预防疫苗或治疗反应或疾病结果的生物标志物。游离体形式和感染细胞释放细胞外囊泡（EVs），它们参与细胞间通讯，并可以调节宿主的免疫反应。重要的是，EVs 已被描述为开发新的治疗策略（如疫苗）和发现新的生物标志物的有前途的工具。在这里，我们回顾和讨论了在感染过程中分泌的 EVs 的作用及其免疫调节特性。最后，我们简要描述了它们作为恰加斯病疫苗开发工具的生物标志物发现和未来前景的潜力。
