金属烟尘暴露的铸造和焊接工人的致癌风险评估和肺量计指数变化。
Carcinogenic risk assessment and changes in Spirometric indices in casting and welding workers exposed to Metal fumes.
机构信息
Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
出版信息
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022 Aug 1;23(8):2743-2748. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.8.2743.
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to investigate exposure to dust, and metal fumes, changes in pulmonary function indices among industrial workers to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to occupational metal fume.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 98 workers exposed to metal fumes. Air sampling was performed according to the NIOSH 0500 method and was analyzed by gravimetry and metal levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Spirometric results for 2010-2016 were collected. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments were performed according to the US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software.
RESULTS
The mean occupational exposure of the subjects to workplace dust and iron fumes was 15.95 ± 6.65 mg/m3 and 13.18 ± 3.06 mg/m3 respectively. During these 6 years, the FVC (P=0.04), PEFR (P=0.04), and FEV1 (P=0.03) indices decreased significantly among welders, but there was no significant difference between FEV1/ FVC indexes. Also, the mean of FEV1 and PEFR decreased significantly amongst casting workers, but FVC and FEV1/ FVC had no significant difference. Multivariate regression showed that in both jobs, BMI and work history were related to pulmonary function indices. The mean total excess ifetime carcinogenic risk (ELCR) of hexavalent chromium in the study population was 0.708 per 1000 people and the mean non-carcinogenic risk of hexavalent chromium was HQ = 19.62.
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that exposure to metal fumes in casting and welding jobs reduces pulmonary function indices. Although the average occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium is lower than the recommended limit and the risk of carcinogenesis is within an acceptable range, the risk of non-carcinogenic effects among workers is significant Therefore, it is important to prevent this problem, by adequate ventilation and using respiratory masks.
简介
本研究旨在探讨工业工人接触粉尘和金属烟雾对肺功能指标的影响，以评估职业性金属烟雾暴露的致癌和非致癌风险。
方法：本横断面研究对 98 名接触金属烟雾的工人进行了研究。空气采样按照 NIOSH 0500 方法进行，通过重量法进行分析，金属水平通过原子吸收光谱法进行分析。收集了 2010-2016 年的肺活量计结果。根据美国环境保护署的指南进行了致癌和非致癌风险评估。数据使用 SPSS 20 软件进行分析。
结果：研究对象在工作场所接触粉尘和铁烟尘的平均职业暴露量分别为 15.95 ± 6.65 mg/m3 和 13.18 ± 3.06 mg/m3。在这 6 年中，焊工的 FVC（P=0.04）、PEFR（P=0.04）和 FEV1（P=0.03）指数显著下降，但 FEV1/FVC 指数无显著差异。此外，铸造工人的 FEV1 和 PEFR 平均值显著下降，但 FVC 和 FEV1/FVC 无显著差异。多变量回归显示，在这两种工作中，BMI 和工作史与肺功能指标有关。研究人群中六价铬的总超额寿命致癌风险（ELCR）平均值为每 1000 人 0.708，六价铬的非致癌风险 HQ = 19.62。
结论：结果表明，铸造和焊接作业中接触金属烟雾会降低肺功能指标。尽管职业性接触六价铬的平均暴露量低于推荐限值，且致癌风险处于可接受范围内，但工人的非致癌效应风险显著，因此，通过充分通风和使用呼吸面罩来预防这个问题非常重要。
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