Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022 Sep;61(9):1182-1188. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.04.023. Epub 2022 Jun 13.
Temperament involves stable behavioral and emotional tendencies that differ between individuals, which can be first observed in infancy or early childhood and relate to behavior in many contexts and over many years. One of the most rigorously characterized temperament classifications relates to the tendency of individuals to avoid the unfamiliar and to withdraw from unfamiliar people, objects, and unexpected events. This temperament is referred to as behavioral inhibition or inhibited temperament (IT). IT is a moderately heritable trait that can be measured in multiple species. In humans, levels of IT can be quantified from the first year of life through direct behavioral observations or reports by caregivers or teachers. Similar approaches as well as self-report questionnaires on current and/or retrospective levels of IT can be used later in life.
气质涉及个体之间存在差异的稳定的行为和情绪倾向，这些倾向可以在婴儿期或幼儿期首次观察到，并与多年来在多种情境下的行为相关。最严格特征化的气质分类之一与个体避免陌生事物和回避陌生人和物体以及意外事件的倾向有关。这种气质被称为行为抑制或抑制气质（IT）。IT 是一种具有中度遗传性的特征，可以在多种物种中进行测量。在人类中，可以通过直接的行为观察或照顾者或教师的报告，从生命的第一年开始量化 IT 的水平。在以后的生活中，也可以使用类似的方法以及关于 IT 当前和/或回顾性水平的自我报告问卷。
