He Kāinga Oranga, Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Indoor Air. 2022 Aug;32(8):e13101. doi: 10.1111/ina.13101.
To assess whether retrofitting home insulation can reduce the risk of respiratory disease incidence and exacerbation, a retrospective cohort study was undertaken using linked data from a national intervention program. The study population was made up of 1 004 795 residents from 205 001 New Zealand houses that received an insulation subsidy though a national Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority program. A difference-in-difference model compared changes in the number of prescriptions dispensed for respiratory illness post- insulation to a control population over the same timeframe. New prescribing of chronic respiratory disease medication at follow-up was used to compare incidence risk ratios between intervention and control groups. Chronic respiratory disease incidence was significantly lower in the intervention group at follow-up: odds ratio 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86-0.94). There was also a 4% reduction in medication dispensed for treating exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease symptoms in the intervention group compared with the control group: relative rate ratio (RRR) 0.96 (95% CI: 0.96-0.97). There was no change in medication dispensed to prevent symptoms of chronic respiratory disease RRR: 1,00 (95% CI: 0.99-1.00). These findings support home insulation interventions as a means of improving respiratory health outcomes.
为了评估家装隔热改造能否降低呼吸道疾病发病和恶化的风险，我们开展了一项回顾性队列研究，该研究利用全国性干预项目的相关数据进行。研究人群由 205001 户新西兰住房的 1004795 位居民组成，这些居民通过国家能源效率和保护局的计划获得了隔热补贴。采用差值法分析模型，比较了在同一时间段内接受隔热改造的人群和对照组因呼吸道疾病而开出的处方数量的变化。通过比较干预组和对照组在随访时慢性呼吸道疾病药物的新处方，来比较两组之间的发病率风险比。随访时，干预组的慢性呼吸道疾病发病率显著降低：比值比为 0.90（95%置信区间：0.86-0.94）。与对照组相比，干预组治疗慢性呼吸道疾病症状恶化的药物处方减少了 4%：相对风险比（RRR）为 0.96（95%置信区间：0.96-0.97）。用于预防慢性呼吸道疾病症状的药物处方没有变化，RRR：1.00（95%置信区间：0.99-1.00）。这些发现支持将家装隔热改造作为改善呼吸道健康结果的一种手段。
