van der Bend Daphne L M, van Eijsden Manon, van Roost Michelle H I, de Graaf Kees, Roodenburg Annet J C
Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Voedingsjungle, Amersfoort, Netherlands.
Front Nutr. 2022 Aug 15;9:974003. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.974003. eCollection 2022.
The Nutri-Score front-of-pack label, which classifies the nutritional quality of products in one of 5 classes (A to E), is one of the main candidates for standardized front-of-pack labeling in the EU. The algorithm underpinning the Nutri-Score label is derived from the Food Standard Agency (FSA) nutrient profile model, originally a binary model developed to regulate the marketing of foods to children in the UK. This review describes the development and validation process of the Nutri-Score algorithm. While the Nutri-Score label is one of the most studied front-of-pack labels in the EU, its validity and applicability in the European context is still undetermined. For several European countries, content validity (i.e., ability to rank foods according to healthfulness) has been evaluated. Studies showed Nutri-Score's ability to classify foods across the board of the total food supply, but did not show the actual healthfulness of products within different classes. Convergent validity (i.e., ability to categorize products in a similar way as other systems such as dietary guidelines) was assessed with the French dietary guidelines; further adaptations of the Nutri-Score algorithm seem needed to ensure alignment with food-based dietary guidelines across the EU. Predictive validity (i.e., ability to predict disease risk when applied to population dietary data) could be re-assessed after adaptations are made to the algorithm. Currently, seven countries have implemented or aim to implement Nutri-Score. These countries appointed an international scientific committee to evaluate Nutri-Score, its underlying algorithm and its applicability in a European context. With this review, we hope to contribute to the scientific and political discussions with respect to nutrition labeling in the EU.
营养评分包装正面标签将产品的营养质量分为5个等级（A至E）中的一个，是欧盟标准化包装正面标签的主要候选方案之一。支撑营养评分标签的算法源自食品标准局（FSA）的营养成分模型，该模型最初是为规范英国向儿童销售食品而开发的二元模型。本综述描述了营养评分算法的开发和验证过程。虽然营养评分标签是欧盟研究最多的包装正面标签之一，但其在欧洲背景下的有效性和适用性仍未确定。针对几个欧洲国家，已评估了内容效度（即根据健康程度对食品进行排名的能力）。研究表明营养评分能够对整个食品供应中的食品进行分类，但并未显示不同类别内产品的实际健康程度。通过法国饮食指南评估了收敛效度（即与其他系统如饮食指南以类似方式对产品进行分类的能力）；似乎需要对营养评分算法进行进一步调整，以确保与欧盟基于食物的饮食指南保持一致。在对算法进行调整后，可以重新评估预测效度（即应用于人群饮食数据时预测疾病风险的能力）。目前，有七个国家已经实施或打算实施营养评分。这些国家任命了一个国际科学委员会来评估营养评分、其基础算法及其在欧洲背景下的适用性。通过本综述，我们希望为欧盟营养标签方面的科学和政治讨论做出贡献。
