Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022 Dec;18(12):727-743. doi: 10.1038/s41574-022-00725-z. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Each month during a woman's reproductive years, the endometrium undergoes vast changes to prepare for a potential pregnancy. Diseases of the endometrium arise for numerous reasons, many of which remain unknown. These endometrial diseases, including endometriosis, adenomyosis, endometrial cancer and Asherman syndrome, affect many women, with an overall lack of efficient or permanent treatment solutions. The challenge lies in understanding the complexity of the endometrium and the extensive changes, orchestrated by ovarian hormones, that occur in multiple cell types over the period of the menstrual cycle. Appropriate model systems that closely mimic the architecture and function of the endometrium and its diseases are needed. The emergence of organoid technology using human cells is enabling a revolution in modelling the endometrium in vitro. The goal of this Review is to provide a focused reference for new models to study the diseases of the endometrium. We provide perspectives on the power of new and emerging models, from organoids to microfluidics, which have opened up a new frontier for studying endometrial diseases.
在女性生育期的每个月，子宫内膜都会发生巨大变化，为潜在妊娠做准备。子宫内膜疾病的发生有很多原因，其中许多原因尚不清楚。这些子宫内膜疾病，包括子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌病、子宫内膜癌和阿舍尔曼综合征，影响着许多女性，而目前缺乏有效的或永久性的治疗方法。挑战在于理解子宫内膜的复杂性以及在月经周期期间由卵巢激素协调的多种细胞类型中发生的广泛变化。需要合适的模型系统来密切模拟子宫内膜及其疾病的结构和功能。使用人类细胞的类器官技术的出现正在推动子宫内膜体外建模的革命。本综述的目的是为研究子宫内膜疾病的新模型提供一个重点参考。我们提供了从类器官到微流控的新出现模型的观点，这些模型为研究子宫内膜疾病开辟了新的前沿。
