University of Adelaide School of Psychology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Health Promot J Austr. 2023 Feb;34(1):100-110. doi: 10.1002/hpja.655. Epub 2022 Sep 14.
Consumption of energy drinks is a public health concern, particularly in adolescents and young adults. This study explored energy drink consumers' reactions to an energy drink-specific warning label (risk of cardiac effects) and a more general sugary drink warning label (risk of obesity).
An online experimental study randomly allocated Australian energy drink consumers aged 18-39 years (N = 435) to view one of two label conditions (cardiac effects or obesity). Participants were assessed on: intention to reduce energy drink consumption, perceived health threat, perceived label effectiveness and policy support for energy drink warning labels.
Mean intentions to reduce consumption scores were similar across the two label conditions (M = 2.5, M = 2.6) overall; and were higher for the cardiac label (compared to obesity label) for some subgroups: females (M = 2.3, M = 2.8; p = .037), older (25-39 years; M = 2.4, M = 2.8; p = .016); and higher education level (M = 1.9, M = 2.7; p = .004). While perceived health threat measures were higher for obesity than cardiac effects, perceived label effectiveness measures of 'believable' and 'relevant to me' were higher for the cardiac label than the obesity label (believable: 71.0% vs 56.1%; relevant: 42.5% vs 29.4%). Participants who viewed the cardiac label were more likely to support policy than those shown the obesity label (OR = 1.6, 95%CI [1.1, 2.3], p = .02).
Health effect warnings labels were perceived by energy drink consumers to be impactful and are supported. Labels with energy drink-specific health effects may offer additional benefit. SO WHAT?: Policy makers can feel confident that warning labels on energy drinks will confer public health benefit.
能量饮料的消费是一个公共健康关注点，尤其是在青少年和年轻人中。本研究探讨了能量饮料消费者对特定于能量饮料的警告标签（心脏效应风险）和更一般的含糖饮料警告标签（肥胖风险）的反应。
一项在线实验研究随机分配了 18-39 岁的澳大利亚能量饮料消费者（N=435），以查看两种标签条件之一（心脏效应或肥胖）。参与者评估了：减少能量饮料消费的意愿、感知健康威胁、感知标签有效性和对能量饮料警告标签的政策支持。
两种标签条件下的平均消费意图得分总体上相似（M=2.5，M=2.6）；对于某些亚组，心脏标签（与肥胖标签相比）的得分更高：女性（M=2.3，M=2.8；p=.037）、年龄较大（25-39 岁；M=2.4，M=2.8；p=.016）和较高的教育水平（M=1.9，M=2.7；p=.004）。虽然肥胖比心脏效应的感知健康威胁更高，但“可信”和“与我相关”的感知标签有效性更高的是心脏标签而非肥胖标签（可信：71.0%比 56.1%；相关：42.5%比 29.4%）。与看到肥胖标签的参与者相比，看到心脏标签的参与者更有可能支持政策（OR=1.6，95%CI[1.1,2.3]，p=.02）。
能量饮料消费者认为健康影响警告标签具有影响力并且得到支持。具有特定于能量饮料健康影响的标签可能会带来额外的好处。因此：政策制定者可以有信心，能量饮料上的警告标签将带来公共健康益处。
