School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Aug 2;2022:7787958. doi: 10.1155/2022/7787958. eCollection 2022.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from black plum peels was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Temperature (35-55°C), time (15-45 min), and ethanol concentration (50-90%) were selected as independent extraction parameters, whereas total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition were kept as response variables. The optimized extraction conditions were determined by RSM as extraction at 49°C for 37 min with 68% ethanol, which corresponded to TAC, TPC, and DPPH inhibition values of 5.42 ± 0.61 mg/g, 6.217 ± 0.76 mg GAE/g, and 89 ± 2.13%, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) were used for chemical characterization of optimized plum peel extract (PPE). Optimized PPE was further evaluated for antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and food preservation potential. PPE showed 92.31% DPPH inhibition with IC value of 360.6 g/ml. Optimized PPE extract was effective in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and migration, and IC values were in the range 1.85-3.96 mg/ml for different human cancer cell lines. Major phenolics identified in PPE were ferulic acid (47.87 mg/kg), sinapic acid (9.15 mg/kg), quercetin (7.44 mg/kg), gallic acid (3.24 mg/kg), m-coumaric acid (2.59 mg/kg), and vanillic acid (1.12 mg/kg). PPE extract inhibited the growth of various foodborne bacterial pathogens and increased the shelf life of PPE coated fresh grapes. PPE due to antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, and food preservation potential can be used in developing functional food and pharmaceutical products.
超声辅助提取（UAE）黑李皮中的生物活性化合物通过响应面法（RSM）进行优化。温度（35-55°C）、时间（15-45 分钟）和乙醇浓度（50-90%）被选为独立的提取参数，而总花色苷含量（TAC）、总酚含量（TPC）和 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）抑制率则保持为响应变量。RSM 确定的最佳提取条件为 49°C 提取 37 分钟，用 68%乙醇，此时 TAC、TPC 和 DPPH 抑制率分别为 5.42±0.61mg/g、6.217±0.76mgGAE/g 和 89±2.13%。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）和气相色谱质谱联用仪（GCMS）用于优化后的李皮提取物（PPE）的化学表征。优化后的 PPE 进一步评估了其在抗菌、抗氧化、抗癌和食品保鲜方面的潜力。PPE 对 DPPH 的抑制率为 92.31%，IC 值为 360.6g/ml。优化后的 PPE 提取物在抑制癌细胞增殖和迁移方面有效，对不同人癌细胞系的 IC 值范围为 1.85-3.96mg/ml。PPE 中的主要酚类物质为阿魏酸（47.87mg/kg）、丁香酸（9.15mg/kg）、槲皮素（7.44mg/kg）、没食子酸（3.24mg/kg）、对香豆酸（2.59mg/kg）和香草酸（1.12mg/kg）。PPE 提取物抑制了各种食源性致病菌的生长，并延长了 PPE 涂层新鲜葡萄的保质期。PPE 由于具有抗菌、抗癌、抗氧化和食品保鲜潜力，可用于开发功能性食品和医药产品。
