Ahmed Tanvir, Rana Md Rahmatuzzaman, Maisha Mahjabin Rahman, Sayem A S M, Rahman Mizanur, Ara Rowshon
Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2022 Oct 14;8(10):e11109. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11109. eCollection 2022 Oct.
The pulp of hog plum () has been documented as a potential source of nutritional, physiological, and pharmacological purposes due to its phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. However, an optimal extraction condition for hog plum pulp remains elusive. Optimization of extraction process conditions using Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique has recently attracted research interest.
The present study focused on optimizing the UAE extraction conditions of TPC and antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) from hog plum pulp by using response surface methodology (RSM).
The RSM with a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The BBD was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables, X: ultrasonic temperature (40-60 °C), X: ultrasonic time (30-60 min), and X: ethanol concentration (40-80%) on TPC, DPPH and FRAP assays. Fifteen experimental trials have been carried out to optimize the UAE extraction conditions. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting the responses. Statistically, the model was validated using an analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The ANOVA results revealed that UAE extraction temperature, time, and ethanol concentration had a significant ( < 0.01) influence on the TPC, DPPH, and FRAP, suggesting that all extraction parameters included in this investigation were crucial to the optimization process. For TPC, DPPH, and FRAP, the R values were 0.9976, 0.9943, and 0.9989, respectively, indicating that the models developed based on second-order polynomials were satisfactorily accurate for analyzing interactions between parameters (response and independent variables). RSM analysis showed that the optimal extraction parameters which maximized TPC, DPPH, and FRAP were 52.03 °C temperature, 30 min, time, and 79.99% ethanol. Under optimal conditions, experimental values for TPC, DPPH, and FRAP were 370 ± 26 mg GAE/100g DM, 57 ± 7%, and 7650 ± 460 mg AAE/100 g DM, respectively. The experimental values showed a good agreement with the predicted values with residual standard error values below 0.2% under optimum conditions. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) demonstrate that the TPC showed a weak positive correlation with DPPH (r = 0.3508) and moderate correlation with FRAP (r = 0.3963).
The experimental results agreed with the predicted values, confirming the model's appropriateness and RSM's efficacy in optimizing the UAE extraction conditions. This optimized UAE extraction method may be effective in the industrial extraction process; moreover, further research should be conducted to determine the efficacy of these extracts when applied to food.
由于其酚类含量（TPC）和抗氧化活性，野芒果（）果肉已被证明是营养、生理和药理用途的潜在来源。然而，野芒果果肉的最佳提取条件仍然难以捉摸。最近，使用超声辅助提取（UAE）技术优化提取工艺条件引起了研究兴趣。
本研究旨在通过响应面法（RSM）优化野芒果果肉中TPC和抗氧化活性（DPPH和FRAP）的UAE提取条件。
采用三因素三水平的Box-Behnken设计（BBD）的RSM来优化提取条件。BBD用于研究三个自变量，X：超声温度（40-60°C），X：超声时间（30-60分钟）和X：乙醇浓度（40-80%）对TPC、DPPH和FRAP测定的影响。进行了15次实验试验以优化UAE提取条件。使用二阶多项式模型预测响应。从统计学角度，使用方差分析（ANOVA）对模型进行验证。
ANOVA结果表明，UAE提取温度、时间和乙醇浓度对TPC、DPPH和FRAP有显著（<0.01）影响，表明本研究中包含的所有提取参数对优化过程至关重要。对于TPC、DPPH和FRAP，R值分别为0.9976、0.9943和0.9989，表明基于二阶多项式开发的模型在分析参数（响应和自变量）之间的相互作用方面具有令人满意的准确性。RSM分析表明，使TPC、DPPH和FRAP最大化的最佳提取参数为温度52.03°C、时间30分钟和乙醇浓度79.99%。在最佳条件下，TPC、DPPH和FRAP的实验值分别为370±26mg GAE/100g DM、57±7%和7650±460mg AAE/100g DM。实验值与预测值显示出良好的一致性，在最佳条件下残余标准误差值低于0.2%。Pearson相关系数（r）表明，TPC与DPPH呈弱正相关（r = 0.3508），与FRAP呈中等相关（r = 0.3963）。
实验结果与预测值一致，证实了模型的适用性和RSM在优化UAE提取条件方面的有效性。这种优化的UAE提取方法可能在工业提取过程中有效；此外，应进行进一步研究以确定这些提取物应用于食品时的功效。
