Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
Regional center of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Aug 18;12:1002406. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1002406. eCollection 2022.
Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by opportunistic species. The occurrence of fungal infections has considerably increased in the last few years primarily due to an increase in the number of immune-suppressed individuals. Alarming bloodstream infections due to sp. are associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality, and are emerged as major healthcare concerns worldwide. Currently, chemotherapy is the sole available option for combating fungal diseases. Moreover, the emergence of resistance to these limited available anti-fungal drugs has further accentuated the concern and highlighted the need for early detection of fungal infections, identification of novel antifungal drug targets, and development of effective therapeutics and prophylactics. Thus, there is an increasing interest in developing safe and potent immune-based therapeutics to tackle fungal diseases. In this context, vaccine design and its development have a priority. Nonetheless, despite significant advances in immune and vaccine biology over time, a viable commercialized vaccine remains awaited against fungal infections. In this minireview, we enumerate various concerted efforts made till date towards the development of anti- vaccines, an option with pan-fugal vaccine, vaccines in the clinical trial, challenges, and future opportunities.
念珠菌病是一种由机会性病原体引起的真菌病。近年来，由于免疫抑制人群的增加，真菌感染的发生率显著增加。由于 sp.引起的严重血流感染与更高的发病率和死亡率相关，已成为全球主要的医疗保健关注点。目前，化疗是治疗真菌感染的唯一选择。此外，这些有限的抗真菌药物的耐药性的出现进一步加剧了人们的担忧，并强调了早期发现真菌感染、鉴定新型抗真菌药物靶点以及开发有效治疗方法和预防措施的必要性。因此，人们越来越有兴趣开发安全有效的免疫治疗方法来治疗真菌感染。在这种情况下，疫苗的设计和开发具有优先地位。尽管随着时间的推移，免疫和疫苗生物学取得了重大进展，但针对真菌感染的商业化可行疫苗仍有待开发。在这篇简评中，我们列举了迄今为止在抗真菌疫苗的开发方面所做的各种协同努力，包括针对多种真菌的泛真菌疫苗、临床试验中的疫苗、挑战和未来的机会。
