Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, SGS, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria.
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 41000, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria; Biofuel Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Nov 15;322:116123. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116123. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
Marine oil spills emanating from wells, pipelines, freighters, tankers, and storage facilities draw public attention and necessitate quick and environmentally friendly response measures. It is sometimes feasible to contain the oil with booms and collect it with skimmers or burn it, but this is impracticable in many circumstances, and all that can be done without causing further environmental damage is adopting natural attenuation, particularly through microbial biodegradation. Biodegradation can be aided by carefully supplying biologically accessible nitrogen and phosphorus to alleviate some of the microbial growth constraints at the shoreline. This review discussed the characteristics of oil spills, origin, ecotoxicology, health impact of marine oils spills, and responses, including the variety of remedies and responses to oil spills using biological techniques. The different bioremediation and bio-dispersant treatment technologies are then described, with a focus on the use of green surfactants and their advances, benefits/drawbacks. These technologies were thoroughly explained, with a timeline of research and recent studies. Finally, the hurdles that persist as a result of spills are explored, as well as the measures that must be taken and the potential for the development of existing treatment technologies, all of which must be linked to the application of integrated procedures.
海洋溢油源自油井、管道、货轮、油轮和储存设施，引起了公众的关注，需要采取快速和环保的应对措施。有时可以使用围油栏来阻止石油泄漏，并使用撇油器或燃烧的方法来收集石油，但在许多情况下，这是不可行的，在不造成进一步环境破坏的情况下，唯一可行的方法是采用自然衰减，特别是通过微生物生物降解。通过仔细提供生物可利用的氮和磷，可以促进生物降解，以减轻一些在海岸线处的微生物生长限制。本综述讨论了溢油的特征、来源、海洋溢油的生态毒理学和对健康的影响，以及应对措施，包括使用生物技术的各种补救和应对溢油的措施。然后描述了不同的生物修复和生物分散剂处理技术，重点介绍了绿色表面活性剂的使用及其进展、优点/缺点。这些技术都得到了详细的解释，并列出了研究和最近研究的时间表。最后，探讨了由于溢油而持续存在的障碍，以及必须采取的措施和现有处理技术的发展潜力，所有这些都必须与综合程序的应用联系起来。
