Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China.
Ital J Pediatr. 2022 Sep 5;48(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s13052-022-01354-y.
The majority of studies are limited to adverse perinatal outcomes and poor cognitive abilities in the short term in discordant monochorionic twins.
To determine whether small and large discordant dizygotic twins differ in physical growth and intelligence development and weight and height from birth up to 6 years of age were measured in 34 dizygotic twin pairs with ≥ 20% birth weight discordance. Mental developmental index (MDI) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) were calculated at 1 year, while the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV) full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed at the age of 6.
The difference in height and weight in each stage differed significantly from birth to 72-months-old (P < 0.05), although there was disappointing catch-up growth in smaller twins. PDI but not MDI at 1 year of age was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05), and smaller twins experienced higher psychomotor retardation rates (P < 0.05). Also, the influence of height and weight on PDI was statistically significant (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected in the WISC-IV full-scale IQ at the age of 6; however, the full-scale IQ may be affected by the history of suffocation and the S/D value (P = 0.011, P = 0.022).
Intrauterine fetal growth and development lead to birth weight differences in twins and sustain an impact on the children's physical growth in height and weight from birth to preschool age, causing psychomotor developmental differences at 1 year of age. However, the differences in psychomotor development decrease gradually by the age of 6.
大多数研究仅限于双绒毛膜性不同胎龄儿的不良围生期结局和短期认知能力差。
为了确定大小不同的双卵双胎是否在身体生长和智力发育方面存在差异，我们对 34 对出生体重差异≥20%的双卵双胎进行了测量，从出生到 6 岁时测量了体重和身高。在 1 岁时计算精神发育指数（MDI）和运动发育指数（PDI），在 6 岁时评估韦氏儿童智力测验-IV（WISC-IV）的全量表智商（IQ）。
从出生到 72 个月，每个阶段的身高和体重差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），尽管较小的双胞胎有令人失望的追赶生长。1 岁时的 PDI 但不是 MDI 两组间有显著差异（P<0.05），较小的双胞胎经历了更高的运动发育迟缓率（P<0.05）。此外，身高和体重对 PDI 的影响具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。6 岁时 WISC-IV 全量表智商无显著差异；然而，全量表智商可能受到窒息史和 S/D 值的影响（P=0.011，P=0.022）。
宫内胎儿生长发育导致双胞胎出生体重差异，并持续影响儿童从出生到学龄前身高和体重的体格生长，导致 1 岁时运动发育差异。然而，运动发育的差异在 6 岁时逐渐减小。
