Pathak Manash Pratim, Pathak Kalyani, Saikia Riya, Gogoi Urvashee, Ahmad Mohammad Zaki, Patowary Pompy, Das Aparoop
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 May;149:112901. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112901. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
Despite enormous development in the field of drug development, cancer still remains elusive. Compromised immunity stands as a roadblock to the successful pharmacological execution of anti-cancer drugs used clinically currently. Recently some breakthrough cancer treatment strategy like nano-formulation, extracellular vesicles treatment, natural antioxidant therapy, targeted immunotherapy, gene therapy, thermal ablation and magnetic hyperthermia, and pathomics and radiomics has been developed and tested pre-clinically as well as clinically. However, clinical efficacy of such therapies is yet to establish and some are too costly to be utilized by patients from poor and developing countries. At this juncture, researchers are heading towards the search of medicines from natural sources that is higher safety margin and multitarget pharmacological efficacy compared to conventional treatments. Mushroom is used traditionally as food as well as drug since time immemorial due to its immunomodulatory effect which is loaded with proteins, low fat content and cholesterol. Mushrooms are recommended as one of the best vegetarian diets for immunosuppressed cancer and HIV/AIDS patients. Mushrooms are well-known for their anti-cancer activity that impacts hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells in the immune system. This comprehensive review article emphasizes on the molecular mechanisms of cancer genesis, conventional anti-cancer therapy as well as reported some significant breakthrough in anti-cancer drug development, anti-cancer activity of some selected species of mushrooms and their bioactive phytoconstituents followed by a brief discussion of recent anti-cancer efficacy of some metallic nanoparticles loaded with mushrooms.
尽管药物研发领域取得了巨大进展，但癌症仍然难以攻克。免疫功能受损成为目前临床上使用的抗癌药物成功进行药理学治疗的障碍。最近，一些突破性的癌症治疗策略，如纳米制剂、细胞外囊泡治疗、天然抗氧化剂治疗、靶向免疫治疗、基因治疗、热消融和磁热疗，以及病理组学和放射组学，已经在临床前和临床进行了开发和测试。然而，这些疗法的临床疗效尚未确立，而且有些疗法成本过高，贫困和发展中国家的患者无法使用。在这个关头，研究人员正在转向从天然来源寻找药物，与传统治疗相比，这些药物具有更高的安全边际和多靶点药理疗效。自古以来，蘑菇就因其免疫调节作用而被传统地用作食物和药物，它富含蛋白质、低脂肪和胆固醇。蘑菇被推荐为免疫抑制的癌症和艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的最佳素食之一。蘑菇以其抗癌活性而闻名，这种活性会影响免疫系统中的造血干细胞、淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、T细胞、树突状细胞（DCs）和自然杀伤（NK）细胞。这篇综述文章重点阐述了癌症发生的分子机制、传统抗癌疗法，并报道了抗癌药物开发方面的一些重大突破、某些选定蘑菇种类及其生物活性植物成分的抗癌活性，随后简要讨论了一些负载蘑菇的金属纳米颗粒最近的抗癌疗效。
