Working Group on the Role of Smoking Cessation in Pain Relief, The Japan Society of Pain Clinicians (JSPC), Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
J Anesth. 2022 Dec;36(6):671-687. doi: 10.1007/s00540-022-03097-w. Epub 2022 Sep 7.
Smoking is closely associated with the development of various cancers and tobacco-related illnesses such as cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. However, data are scarce on the relationship between smoking and both acute and chronic pain. In addition to nicotine, tobacco smoke contains more than 4000 different compounds. Although nicotine is not the sole cause of smoking-induced diseases, it plays a critical role in pain-related pathophysiology. Despite the acute analgesic effects of nicotine, long-term exposure leads to tolerance and increased pain sensitivity due to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization and neuronal plastic changes. The purpose of smoking cessation interventions in smoking patients with pain is primarily not only to reduce their pain and associated limitations in activities of daily living, but also to improve the outcomes of underlying pain-causing conditions and reduce the risks of tobacco-related disorders. This statement aims to summarize the available evidence on the impact of smoking on pain and to inform medical professionals of the significance of smoking cessation in patients with pain.
吸烟与各种癌症和与烟草相关的疾病（如心血管和呼吸系统疾病）的发展密切相关。然而，关于吸烟与急性和慢性疼痛之间的关系的数据却很少。除了尼古丁，烟草烟雾中还含有 4000 多种不同的化合物。尽管尼古丁并不是引起吸烟相关疾病的唯一原因，但它在与疼痛相关的病理生理学中起着关键作用。尽管尼古丁具有急性镇痛作用，但长期暴露会导致尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体脱敏和神经元可塑性变化，从而导致耐受性和疼痛敏感性增加。对疼痛吸烟患者进行戒烟干预的主要目的不仅是减轻他们的疼痛和与日常生活活动受限相关的疼痛，而且是改善潜在的引起疼痛的疾病的结果并降低与烟草相关的疾病的风险。本声明旨在总结关于吸烟对疼痛影响的现有证据，并让医疗专业人员了解在疼痛患者中戒烟的重要性。
