Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.
Food Funct. 2022 Oct 3;13(19):9772-9781. doi: 10.1039/d2fo00637e.
The role of diet in the development of childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been clearly elucidated. This study aims to investigate the association between the adherence to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines (CDG) 2016 and the presence of MetS and its components in Chinese children aged 6-14 years. This study is a cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 and 2019 Nutrition and Health Surveillance in Primary and Secondary school students of Beijing (NHSPSB). MetS was diagnosed using the recommended criteria for Chinese children. Diet was assessed using 3 consecutive days of 24-hour dietary recalls in addition to weighing household cooking oils and condiments. The Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) score was calculated based on the CDG 2016. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to estimate the correlation between the CHEI score and the likelihood of MetS and its components. A total of 2092 records (1048 in 2017 and 1044 in 2019), derived from 1835 children, were included. A higher CHEI score, which reflects better adherence to the CDG 2016, was correlated with a lower presence of MetS (per 5-point increment: OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.97) and low HDL-C (per 5-point increment: OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80-0.99). Regarding the CHEI components, higher scores in dark vegetables and cooking oils were also associated with reduced likelihood of MetS (per 1-point increment: OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67-0.93 for dark vegetables; OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.96 for cooking oils). This study suggests that better adherence to the CDG 2016 may reduce the risk of MetS in Chinese children aged 6-14 years.
饮食在儿童代谢综合征（MetS）发展中的作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨中国 2016 年膳食指南（CDG）的依从性与中国 6-14 岁儿童 MetS 及其组分的相关性。本研究是一项横断面研究，使用了北京中小学生 2017 年和 2019 年营养与健康监测（NHSPSB）的数据。MetS 采用中国儿童推荐标准诊断。饮食采用连续 3 天 24 小时膳食回顾，同时称重家庭食用油和调味料进行评估。根据 CDG 2016 计算中国健康饮食指数（CHEI）得分。采用广义估计方程（GEE）估计 CHEI 得分与 MetS 及其组分发生的相关性。共纳入 2092 条记录（2017 年 1048 条，2019 年 1044 条），来源于 1835 名儿童。CHEI 得分越高，反映出对 CDG 2016 的依从性越好，与 MetS 的发生呈负相关（每增加 5 分：OR=0.85，95%CI：0.75-0.97）和低 HDL-C（每增加 5 分：OR=0.89，95%CI：0.80-0.99）。关于 CHEI 成分，深色蔬菜和食用油得分较高与 MetS 的发生风险降低相关（每增加 1 分：深色蔬菜 OR=0.79，95%CI：0.67-0.93；食用油 OR=0.91，95%CI：0.86-0.96）。本研究表明，更好地遵循 CDG 2016 可能会降低中国 6-14 岁儿童 MetS 的风险。
