Altern Ther Health Med. 2023 May;29(4):120-127.
Although meditation and yoga have been associated with higher trait mindfulness in general, they may help practitioners cultivate different qualities of mindfulness that manifest in different trait mindfulness profile scores.
This study tested the hypothesis that college students who practice both meditation and yoga report the highest overall trait mindfulness scores and also explored the possibility that scores on specific facets of mindfulness may differ as a function of the meditation or yoga experience.
METHODS/DESIGN: The study used a cross-sectional online survey (n = 529). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for gender was used to compare students with neither meditation nor yoga experience, only meditation experience, only yoga experience, and both meditation and yoga experience, in terms of overall trait mindfulness (CAMS-R), five specific facets of trait mindfulness (FFMQ), decentering, and self-compassion. An exploratory analysis was also conducted to assess the construct validity of the FFMQ as a function of the meditation/yoga experience.
Public university in Mid-Atlantic U.S.
An undergraduate student convenience sample (age: 18-56 years; gender: 66% F; ethnicity: 32% racial minority).
There were no significant effects of the meditation/yoga experience on any outcome measure. Pairwise comparisons show that non-reactivity was significantly higher in the practitioners of both meditation and yoga compared to non-practitioners (P = .046, d = .026). Overall trait mindfulness was significantly higher in practitioners of both, compared to meditators only (P = .045, d = .064). Reliability and convergent validity of the FFMQ-SF were generally worse in non-practitioners.
Testing for differences in trait mindfulness using the FFMQ-SF may not be reliable or valid in college students, particularly when students have little meditation or yoga experience. Future research with this population should utilize the long form of the FFMQ, collect additional data about participants' meditation and yoga practice, and strongly consider using multiple methods to assess mindfulness.
尽管冥想和瑜伽通常与更高的特质正念相关，但它们可能有助于练习者培养不同的正念品质，从而在不同的特质正念特征分数中表现出来。
本研究检验了这样一个假设，即同时练习冥想和瑜伽的大学生报告的总体特质正念得分最高，并且还探索了正念的特定方面的得分是否可能因冥想或瑜伽经验的不同而有所不同。
方法/设计：本研究使用了横断面在线调查（n = 529）。采用协方差分析（ANCOVA）控制性别，比较了既没有冥想也没有瑜伽经验、只有冥想经验、只有瑜伽经验和同时有冥想和瑜伽经验的学生在总体特质正念（CAMS-R）、特质正念的五个特定方面（FFMQ）、去中心化和自我同情方面的差异。还进行了一项探索性分析，以评估 FFMQ 作为冥想/瑜伽经验的函数的构建效度。
美国中大西洋的一所公立大学。
一个本科学生便利样本（年龄：18-56 岁；性别：66%女性；种族：32%少数民族）。
冥想/瑜伽经验对任何结果测量都没有显著影响。两两比较表明，在同时练习冥想和瑜伽的练习者中，非反应性明显高于非练习者（P =.046，d =.026）。与仅冥想者相比，同时练习冥想和瑜伽的练习者的总体特质正念明显更高（P =.045，d =.064）。在非练习者中，FFMQ-SF 的可靠性和收敛效度通常较差。
在大学生中使用 FFMQ-SF 测试特质正念的差异可能不可靠或无效，特别是当学生的冥想或瑜伽经验很少时。未来对这一人群的研究应该使用 FFMQ 的长式，收集关于参与者冥想和瑜伽练习的额外数据，并强烈考虑使用多种方法来评估正念。
