School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.
Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China.
Chem Asian J. 2022 Nov 2;17(21):e202200829. doi: 10.1002/asia.202200829. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
Imidazole represents a fascinating class of explosophoric units with exciting structures and unique properties. As compared to other nitrogen-rich heterocycles, imidazole demonstrates great potential applications due to economic effectiveness and superior energetic performances. The field of traditional chemistry has been extensively explored for imidazole, and thus established bond-building methods and functionalization strategies promote further development as high-energy density materials (HEDMs). This review addresses the development of energetic imidazole compounds in the past decade, summarizes their physiochemical properties, and is divided into three parts (explosives, propellants, and energetic biocides) according to application requirements. Various synthetic strategies for these energetic molecules are highlighted, including the construction of heterocyclic frameworks and following functionalization. The selected and discussed reactions illustrate the versatility of imidazole in energetic applications as building blocks for the future design of new HEDMs.
咪唑是一类引人入胜的爆炸物单元，具有令人兴奋的结构和独特的性质。与其他富氮杂环相比，由于经济有效性和卓越的能量性能，咪唑显示出巨大的潜在应用价值。传统化学领域已经对咪唑进行了广泛的探索，因此建立的键合方法和功能化策略促进了高能密度材料（HEDMs）的进一步发展。本文综述了过去十年中含能咪唑化合物的发展，总结了它们的物理化学性质，并根据应用要求分为三部分（炸药、推进剂和高能杀生剂）。重点介绍了这些含能分子的各种合成策略，包括杂环框架的构建和后续的功能化。选择和讨论的反应说明了咪唑在作为未来新型 HEDMs 设计的构建块的含能应用中的多功能性。
