School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Sep;150(3):513-522. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.015.
The gut-brain axis describes a bidirectional interplay within the enteric environment between the intestinal epithelium, the mucosal immune system, and the microbiota with the enteric nervous system. This interplay provides a link between exogenous environmental stimuli such as nutrient sensing, and nervous system function, as well as a mechanism of feedback from cortical and sensory centers of the brain to enteric activities. The intestinal epithelium is one of the human body's largest sources of hormones and neurotransmitters, which have critical effects on neuronal function. The influence of the gut microbiota on these processes appears to be profound; yet to date, it has been insufficiently explored. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota is linked not only to diseases in the gut but also to brain symptomatology, including neurodegenerative and behavioral disorders (Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, autism, and anxiety and/or depression). In this review we discuss the cellular wiring of the gut-brain axis, with a particular focus on the epithelial and neuronal interaction, the evidence that has led to our current understanding of the intestinal role in neurologic function, and future directions of research to unravel this important interaction in both health and allergic disease.
肠脑轴描述了肠道环境中肠上皮细胞、黏膜免疫系统和微生物群与肠神经系统之间的双向相互作用。这种相互作用提供了一种连接，将外源性环境刺激（如营养感应）与神经系统功能联系起来，并为大脑皮质和感觉中心向肠道活动的反馈提供了一种机制。肠上皮细胞是人体最大的激素和神经递质来源之一，对神经元功能有至关重要的影响。肠道微生物群对这些过程的影响似乎是深远的；然而，到目前为止，它还没有得到充分的探索。肠道微生物群的破坏不仅与肠道疾病有关，也与大脑症状有关，包括神经退行性和行为障碍（帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、自闭症以及焦虑和/或抑郁）。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肠脑轴的细胞连接，特别关注上皮细胞和神经元的相互作用，以及导致我们目前对肠道在神经功能中的作用的理解的证据，并探讨了未来研究的方向，以揭示这一重要的相互作用在健康和过敏疾病中的作用。
