Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 3;23(17):10080. doi: 10.3390/ijms231710080.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder, primarily of the upper airway, which not only has a significant impact on quality of life but is also associated with various systemic diseases. Several ophthalmological diseases are also associated with OSA, especially glaucoma. The purpose of this review is to take a closer look at the causality and mutual influence.
A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed. A total of 19 studies with 316,178 adult participants were included.
Eleven of the sixteen studies concentrating on the prevalence of glaucoma in patients with OSA showed an association of both entities. One paper found a higher risk for progression of glaucoma in OSA patients. Five of the sixteen included studies failed to show a correlation between OSA and glaucoma. One study out of three surveying specific ophthalmological parameters showed an influence of OSA therapy on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning and vision. One study showed a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP), while two other studies showed no increase under continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
Our findings suggest an association between OSA and glaucoma and, especially, between OSA and thinning of RNFL. CPAP therapy appears to be also suitable for patients with comorbid glaucoma.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种主要发生在上呼吸道的睡眠障碍，它不仅对生活质量有重大影响，还与各种系统性疾病有关。一些眼科疾病也与 OSA 有关，尤其是青光眼。本综述的目的是更深入地探讨它们之间的因果关系和相互影响。
我们使用 PubMed 进行了系统的文献检索。共纳入了 19 项研究，涉及 316178 名成年参与者。
16 项集中研究 OSA 患者中青光眼患病率的研究中有 11 项表明两者之间存在关联。有一篇论文发现 OSA 患者青光眼进展的风险更高。16 项研究中有 5 项未能显示 OSA 和青光眼之间存在相关性。3 项调查特定眼科参数的研究中有 1 项表明 OSA 治疗对视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）变薄和视力有影响。一项研究显示眼压（IOP）升高，而另外两项研究显示持续气道正压通气（CPAP）下眼压没有升高。
我们的研究结果表明 OSA 与青光眼之间存在关联，尤其是 OSA 与 RNFL 变薄之间存在关联。CPAP 治疗似乎也适用于合并青光眼的患者。
