National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 4;23(17):10115. doi: 10.3390/ijms231710115.
The basic units of skeletal muscle in all vertebrates are multinucleate myofibers, which are formed from the fusion of mononuclear myoblasts during the embryonic period. In order to understand the regulation of embryonic muscle development, we selected four chicken breeds, namely, Cornish (CN), White Plymouth Rock (WPR), White Leghorn (WL), and Beijing-You Chicken (BYC), for evaluation of their temporal expression patterns of known key regulatory genes (, , and ) during pectoral muscle (PM) and thigh muscle (TM) development. The highest expression level of occurred from embryonic days E13 to E15 for all breeds, indicating that it was the crucial stage of myoblast fusion. Interestingly, the fast-growing CN showed the highest gene expression level of during the crucial stage. The gene expression at D1 was much higher, implying that might have an important role after hatching. Histomorphology of PM and TM suggested that the myofibers was largely complete at E17, which was speculated to have occurred because of the expression increase in and the expression decrease in . Our research contributes to lay a foundation for the study of myofiber development during the embryonic period in different chicken breeds.
所有脊椎动物的骨骼肌肉基本单位都是多核肌纤维，它们是在胚胎期由单核成肌细胞融合形成的。为了了解胚胎肌肉发育的调控机制，我们选择了四个鸡品种，即康尼什鸡（Cornish，CN）、白洛克鸡（White Plymouth Rock，WPR）、白来航鸡（White Leghorn，WL）和北京油鸡（Beijing-You Chicken，BYC），评估它们在胸肌（pectoral muscle，PM）和腿肌（thigh muscle，TM）发育过程中已知关键调节基因（、和）的时间表达模式。所有品种的基因表达水平在胚胎第 13 天到第 15 天达到最高，表明这是成肌细胞融合的关键阶段。有趣的是，生长迅速的 CN 在关键阶段表现出最高的 基因表达水平。基因在第 1 天的表达水平要高得多，这表明 可能在孵化后具有重要作用。PM 和 TM 的组织形态学表明，肌纤维在 E17 日基本完成，这可能是由于 表达增加和 表达减少所致。我们的研究为不同鸡品种胚胎期肌纤维发育的研究奠定了基础。
