Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland.
Cells. 2022 Sep 1;11(17):2735. doi: 10.3390/cells11172735.
In mammals, neurogenesis occurs during both embryonic and postnatal development. In eutherians, most brain structures develop embryonically; conversely, in marsupials, a number of brain structures develop after birth. The exception is the generation of granule cells in the dentate gyrus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum of eutherian species. The formation of these structures starts during embryogenesis and continues postnatally. In both eutherians and marsupials, neurogenesis continues in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation throughout life. The majority of proliferated cells from the SVZ migrate to the olfactory bulb, whereas, in the dentate gyrus, cells reside within this structure after division and differentiation into neurons. A key aim of this review is to evaluate advances in understanding developmental neurogenesis that occurs postnatally in both marsupials and eutherians, with a particular emphasis on the generation of granule cells during the formation of the olfactory bulb, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum. We debate the significance of immature neurons in the piriform cortex of young mammals. We also synthesize the knowledge of adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus of marsupials by considering whether adult-born neurons are essential for the functioning of a given area.
在哺乳动物中，神经发生发生在胚胎期和出生后发育过程中。在真兽类动物中，大多数大脑结构在胚胎期发育；相反，在有袋动物中，一些大脑结构在出生后发育。唯一的例外是真兽类动物的齿状回、嗅球和小脑颗粒细胞的生成。这些结构的形成始于胚胎发生，并在出生后继续进行。在真兽类动物和有袋动物中，神经发生持续发生在侧脑室的室下区（SVZ）和海马结构的齿状回中，贯穿整个生命过程。来自 SVZ 的大多数增殖细胞迁移到嗅球，而在齿状回中，细胞在分裂和分化为神经元后留在该结构内。本综述的一个主要目的是评估对真兽类动物和有袋动物出生后发育神经发生的理解进展，特别强调在嗅球、齿状回和小脑的形成过程中颗粒细胞的生成。我们讨论了年轻哺乳动物梨状皮质中未成熟神经元的重要性。我们还通过考虑出生后神经元是否对特定区域的功能至关重要，综合了有袋动物嗅球和齿状回中成年神经发生的知识。
