Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7622 Pécs, Hungary.
Institute of Health, Angelus Silesius State University, 58-300 Wałbrzych, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 3;19(17):11041. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191711041.
This study aimed to create preliminary anthropometric and physiological profiles of Hungarian male soccer players belonging to different age categories (14, 15, 16, and 17-18-years) and assigned to different playing positions (forward, defender, midfielder, goalkeeper).
Anthropometric and physiological profiles were created for four age groups: 14- ( = 20), 15- ( = 16), 16- ( = 22) and 17-18-year-olds ( = 23) representing the Hungarian soccer academy. Additionally, the variables were analyzed across the four player positions mentioned above.
The mean values of body mass, fat mass and BMI were within normal limits, although in some cases the anthropometric and body composition values were too high, particularly among the 17-18-year-olds. The mean values of HR were lowest among the 15-year-olds. The highest mean and maximal values of rVO and rVO/AT [57.6 ± 8.12 (43.8-68.3) and 51.2 ± 7.24 (38.9-60.8) mL/kg/min, respectively] were noted in 14-year-olds. Goalkeepers performed significantly better than the remaining soccer players in terms of the most anthropometric and physiological characteristics, except for the Yo-Yo test ( < 0.001).
The values of anthropometric parameters increased with age. As expected, the oldest group achieved the best results in the performance tests. Goalkeepers outperformed the players representing other playing positions in the tests when assessing lower limb strength, sprint performance (5- and 10-m distance), and agility tests. From a practical point of view, the presented anthropometric and physiological profiles of players representing different age groups and playing positions can be useful for soccer coaches, strength and conditioning specialists, and athletic trainers of other soccer clubs in terms of the individualization and optimalization of soccer training.
本研究旨在为不同年龄组别（14、15、16 岁和 17-18 岁）和不同场上位置（前锋、后卫、中场、守门员）的匈牙利男性足球运动员建立初步的人体测量和生理特征。
为四个年龄组（14 岁组（n=20）、15 岁组（n=16）、16 岁组（n=22）和 17-18 岁组（n=23））建立了人体测量和生理特征，他们代表了匈牙利足球学院。此外，还分析了上述四个球员位置的变量。
体重、体脂和 BMI 的平均值都在正常范围内，尽管在某些情况下，人体测量和身体成分的值过高，尤其是在 17-18 岁的球员中。15 岁球员的 HR 平均值最低。14 岁组的 rVO 和 rVO/AT 的平均值和最大值最高[分别为 57.6±8.12（43.8-68.3）和 51.2±7.24（38.9-60.8）mL/kg/min]。守门员在大多数人体测量和生理特征方面表现明显优于其他足球运动员，除了 Yo-Yo 测试（<0.001）。
人体测量参数值随年龄增长而增加。不出所料，年龄最大的组在体能测试中取得了最好的成绩。守门员在评估下肢力量、冲刺表现（5 米和 10 米距离）和敏捷性测试时，表现优于代表其他场上位置的球员。从实际的角度来看，所呈现的不同年龄组别和场上位置的球员的人体测量和生理特征可以为足球教练、力量和体能专家以及其他足球俱乐部的体能训练师提供有用的信息，有助于实现足球训练的个体化和优化。
