Bouich Amal, Marí-Guaita Julia, Soucase Bernabé Marí, Palacios Pablo
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain.
Instituto de Energía Solar, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Aug 23;12(17):2901. doi: 10.3390/nano12172901.
Antisolvent quenching has shown to significantly enhance several perovskite films used in solar cells; however, no studies have been conducted on its impact on MASnI. Here, we investigated the role that different antisolvents, i.e., diethyl ether, toluene, and chlorobenzene, have on the growth of MASnI films. The crystallinity, morphology, topography, and optical properties of the obtained thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) measurements, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The impact of the different antisolvent treatments was evaluated based on the surface homogeneity as well as the structure of the MASnI thin films. In addition, thermal annealing was optimized to control the crystallization process. The applied antisolvent was modified to better manage the supersaturation process. The obtained results support the use of chlorobenzene and toluene to reduce pinholes and increase the grain size. Toluene was found to further improve the morphology and stability of thin films, as it showed less degradation after four weeks under dark with 60% humidity. Furthermore, we performed a simulation using SCAPS-1D software to observe the effect of these antisolvents on the performance of MASnI-based solar cells. We also produced the device FTO/TiO/MASnI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au, obtaining a remarkable photoconversion efficiency (PCE) improvement of 5.11% when using the MASnI device treated with chlorobenzene. A PCE improvement of 9.44% was obtained for the MASnI device treated with toluene, which also showed better stability. Our results support antisolvent quenching as a reproducible method to improve perovskite devices under ambient conditions.
反溶剂猝灭已被证明能显著提升用于太阳能电池的几种钙钛矿薄膜的性能；然而，尚未有关于其对MASnI影响的研究。在此，我们研究了不同反溶剂，即乙醚、甲苯和氯苯，对MASnI薄膜生长的作用。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、光致发光（PL）测量以及紫外可见光谱对所得薄膜的结晶度、形态、形貌和光学性质进行了表征。基于MASnI薄膜的表面均匀性以及结构评估了不同反溶剂处理的影响。此外，对热退火进行了优化以控制结晶过程。对所应用的反溶剂进行了改进以更好地控制过饱和过程。所得结果支持使用氯苯和甲苯来减少针孔并增大晶粒尺寸。发现甲苯能进一步改善薄膜的形态和稳定性，因为在60%湿度的黑暗环境下放置四周后它的降解较少。此外，我们使用SCAPS - 1D软件进行了模拟，以观察这些反溶剂对基于MASnI的太阳能电池性能的影响。我们还制作了器件FTO/TiO/MASnI/Spiro - OMeTAD/Au，当使用经氯苯处理的MASnI器件时，光转换效率（PCE）显著提高了5.11%。经甲苯处理的MASnI器件的PCE提高了9.44%，且其稳定性也更好。我们的结果支持反溶剂猝灭作为一种在环境条件下改善钙钛矿器件的可重复方法。
