Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Nov;169:113396. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113396. Epub 2022 Sep 7.
This review aims to highlight recent advances where transcriptomics and proteomics have been used as a key tool to understand molecular toxicity of mycotoxins. The most studied mycotoxin by using transcriptomic approach is deoxynivalenol (DON), followed by aflatoxins (AFs) and zearalenone (ZEA). Instead, proteomics mostly focuses on AFs but also in this case, mildly to ZEA and DON. However, in both omics approaches, fewer studies investigated the toxicological effect of emerging mycotoxins, patulin, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, alternariol and amino-14,16-dimethyloctadecan-3-ol. The study of changes in the expression of genes involved in immune system are the most common purposes for transcriptomics whereas cellular processes in proteomics field. Concerning the techniques used to perform the experiments, RT-qPCR is the most employed in gene expression analysis whereas liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is the master technique for proteomics assays. The gathered data have reported that the interest in using these omic approaches has increased in the last five years. However, in vitro models take precedence over the in vivo and ex vivo ones. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the use of in vivo models and alternative methods to better understand mycotoxins mode of action on animal and human health.
本文旨在强调近年来转录组学和蛋白质组学已被用作了解霉菌毒素分子毒性的关键工具的最新进展。采用转录组学方法研究最多的霉菌毒素是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON），其次是黄曲霉毒素（AFs）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）。相反，蛋白质组学主要集中在 AFs 上，但在这种情况下，也涉及 ZEA 和 DON。然而，在这两种组学方法中，较少的研究调查了新兴霉菌毒素（展青霉素、赭曲霉毒素 A、T-2 毒素、交链孢酚和氨基-14,16-二甲基十八烷-3-醇）的毒理学效应。转录组学最常见的目的是研究免疫系统相关基因表达的变化，而蛋白质组学领域则是研究细胞过程。关于用于进行实验的技术，实时定量 PCR 是基因表达分析中最常用的方法，而液相色谱-质谱联用是蛋白质组学分析的主要技术。收集的数据报告表明，过去五年中，人们对使用这些组学方法的兴趣有所增加。然而，体外模型优先于体内和离体模型。因此，需要加强对体内模型和替代方法的使用，以更好地了解霉菌毒素对动物和人类健康的作用模式。
