Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan, ROC.
Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan, ROC.
Sci Rep. 2022 Sep 10;12(1):15272. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19605-7.
This study presents the real-time energy consumption of a container ship's generator engine on two round-trips from the West Coast of the US to the East Asian ports and analyzes the ship's PM, PM, NO, SO, CO, and HC emissions, shore power usage, and factors affecting energy consumption. The average total energy consumption and air emissions for the two round trips were 1.72 GWh and 42.1 tons, respectively. The transpacific crossing segment had the highest average energy consumption (2848 ± 361 kWh) and pollutant emission rate (78.9 ± 10.0 kg h). On the other hand, the West Coast of the US had the least energy consumption due to shore power adoption. Furthermore, switching from heavy fuel oil (HFO) to ultra-low-sulfur fuel oil (ULSFO) greatly reduced the emissions of PM and SO by > 96% and NO by 17.0%. However, CO and HC increased by 16.9% and 36.1%, respectively, implying incomplete combustion. In addition, the energy consumption was influenced by the number of reefers and wind. Therefore, this study recommends further research on energy-efficient reefers, generator engine optimization, and shore power adoption to reduce emissions from container ships.
本研究展示了一艘集装箱船的发电机在两次往返美西至东亚港口的过程中的实时能耗，并分析了船舶的 PM、PM、NO、SO、CO 和 HC 排放、岸电使用情况以及影响能耗的因素。两次往返的平均总能耗和空气污染物排放量分别为 1.72GWh 和 42.1 吨。跨太平洋航段的平均能耗（2848±361kWh）和污染物排放率（78.9±10.0kg h）最高。另一方面，由于采用了岸电，美国西海岸的能耗最低。此外，从重油（HFO）切换到超低硫燃料油（ULSFO）可使 PM 和 SO 的排放量减少>96%，NO 的排放量减少 17.0%。然而，CO 和 HC 的排放量分别增加了 16.9%和 36.1%，表明燃烧不完全。此外，能耗还受到冷藏集装箱数量和风力的影响。因此，本研究建议进一步研究节能型冷藏集装箱、发电机引擎优化和岸电使用，以减少集装箱船的排放。
