Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Department of Clinical Semiology of the Medicine Faculty, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Physiother Res Int. 2023 Jan;28(1):e1972. doi: 10.1002/pri.1972. Epub 2022 Sep 11.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dyspnea, fatigue, and reduced exercise tolerance are common in post-COVID-19 patients. In these patients, rehabilitation can improve functional capacity, reduce deconditioning after a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit, and facilitate the return to work. Thus, the present study verified the effects of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation consisting of continuous aerobic and resistance training of moderate-intensity on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, maximum and submaximal tolerance to exercise, fatigue, and quality of life in post-COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study with a protocol of 12 sessions of an outpatient intervention. Adults over 18 years of age (N = 26) with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and hospital discharge at least 15 days before the first evaluation were included. Participants performed moderate-intensity continuous aerobic and resistance training twice a week. Maximal and submaximal exercise tolerance, lung function, respiratory muscle strength, fatigue and quality of life were evaluated before and after the intervention protocol. RESULTS: Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation improved maximal exercise tolerance, with 18.62% increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and 29.05% in time to reach VO peak. VE/VCO slope reduced 5.21% after intervention. We also observed increased submaximal exercise tolerance (increase of 70.57 m in the 6-min walk test, p = 0.001), improved quality of life, and reduced perceived fatigue after intervention. DISCUSSION: Patients recovered from COVID-19 can develop persistent dysfunctions in almost all organ systems and present different signs and symptoms. The complexity and variability of the damage caused by this disease can make it difficult to target rehabilitation programs, making it necessary to establish specific protocols. In this work, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation improved lung function, respiratory muscle strength, maximal and submaximal exercise tolerance, fatigue and quality of life. Continuous aerobic and resistance training of moderate intensity proved to be effective in the recovery of post-COVID-19 patients.
背景与目的：呼吸急促、疲劳和运动耐量降低是新冠病毒感染后患者的常见症状。在这些患者中，康复治疗可以改善功能能力，减少在重症监护病房长时间停留导致的身体机能下降，并促进患者重返工作岗位。因此，本研究旨在验证由中强度连续有氧运动和抗阻训练组成的心肺康复对新冠病毒感染后患者的肺功能、呼吸肌力量、最大和次最大运动耐量、疲劳和生活质量的影响。
方法：这是一项准实验研究，方案包括 12 次门诊干预。纳入标准为年龄超过 18 岁（N=26）、确诊为 COVID-19 且在第一次评估前至少 15 天出院的成年人。参与者每周进行两次中强度连续有氧运动和抗阻训练。在干预方案前后评估最大和次最大运动耐量、肺功能、呼吸肌力量、疲劳和生活质量。
结果：心肺康复提高了最大运动耐量，峰值摄氧量（VO2peak）增加了 18.62%，达到 VO2peak 的时间增加了 29.05%。干预后，VE/VCO 斜率降低了 5.21%。我们还观察到次最大运动耐量增加（6 分钟步行试验增加 70.57m，p=0.001）、生活质量改善和疲劳感减轻。
讨论：从新冠病毒感染中康复的患者几乎所有器官系统都会出现持续的功能障碍，并表现出不同的症状和体征。这种疾病引起的损伤的复杂性和变异性使得为康复计划确定目标变得困难，因此有必要制定具体的方案。在这项工作中，心肺康复改善了肺功能、呼吸肌力量、最大和次最大运动耐量、疲劳和生活质量。中强度连续有氧运动和抗阻训练对新冠病毒感染后患者的康复有效。
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